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IB ESS Notes
Environmental Systems and Societies
Unit 1: Foundations of ESS
1.1.1Perspectives
1.1.2Worldviews
1.1.3EVS
1.1.4Values Surveys
1.1.5Environmental movements
1.2.1Models
1.2.2Systems
1.2.3Open and Closed Systems
1.2.4Storages and flows
1.3.1Loops
1.3.2Resilience
1.4.1Sustainability
1.4.2Environmental Justice
1.4.3Sustainability indicators
1.4.4Footprints
1.4.5Sustainable Development Goals
Unit 2: Ecosystems and Ecology
2.1.1Organisms and species
2.1.2 Identification of Organisms
2.1.3Populations
2.2.1Communities & ecosystems
2.2.2Sustainability & Resilience
2.2.3Keystone Species
2.3.1Niches
2.3.2Population interactions
2.4.1Producers and consumers
2.4.2Food webs
2.5.1Laws of thermodynamics
2.5.2Energy input and release
2.5.3Biomass
2.5.4Productivity
2.6.1Human impact on ecosystems
2.6.2Habitat destruction & fragmentation
2.6.3Overexploitation
2.6.4Pollution
2.6.5Invasive species
2.6.6Climate change
2.6.7How humans change energy and matter
2.6.8Human impacts
2.7.1Hydrological cycle
2.7.2Nitrogen cycle
2.7.5The carbon cycle
2.8.1Biomes
2.8.2Zonation
2.8.3Succession
Unit 3: Biodiversity, Conservation and Change
3.1.1Biodiversity and resilience
3.1.2Protecting Biodiversity
3.1.3Measuring biodiversity
3.2.1Natural selection
3.3.1Threats to biodiversity
3.3.2IUCN Red List
3.4.1Conservation strategies
3.4.2Economic incentives
3.5.1Protecting nature
3.5.2Rewilding
3.6.1In situ conservation
3.6.2Ex situ conservation
3.6.3Choosing the best strategy (and why)
Unit 4: Water and Aquatic Food Production
4.1.1The hydrological cycle
4.1.2Water stores and flows
4.1.3Drainage basins
4.1.4Water and climate regulation
4.2.1Freshwater availability and distribution
4.2.2Water use by sector
4.2.3Water scarcity and security
4.2.4Water management strategies
4.2.5Water conflicts and cooperation
4.3.1Aquatic systems as natural capital
4.3.2Capture fisheries
4.3.3Aquaculture
4.3.4Sustainable aquatic food production
4.4.1Types and sources of water pollution
4.4.2Eutrophication
4.4.3Ocean acidification
4.4.4Impacts of water pollution
4.4.5Water pollution management
Unit 5: Soil Systems and Terrestrial Food Production
5.1.1Soil formation and composition
5.1.2Soil properties
5.1.3Soil profiles and horizons
5.1.4Soil and productivity
5.1.5Soil degradation
5.2.1Terrestrial food production systems
5.2.2Intensive vs extensive agriculture
5.2.3Environmental impacts of agriculture
5.2.4Food choices and diets
5.2.5Sustainable agriculture
5.2.6Soil conservation methods
Unit 6: Atmospheric Systems and Societies
6.1.1Structure of the atmosphere
6.1.2The greenhouse effect & energy balance
6.1.3Albedo & heat redistribution
6.2.1Evidence for climate change
6.2.2Causes of climate change
6.2.3Impacts on natural systems
6.2.4Impacts on human systems
6.3.1Mitigation strategies
6.3.2Adaptation strategies
6.3.3International agreements & EVSs
6.4.1The ozone layer
6.4.2Ozone depletion
6.4.3The Montreal Protocol
Unit 7: Climate Change and Energy Production
7.1.1Types of natural resources
7.1.2Impacts of resource extraction
7.1.3Sustainable resource management
7.2.1Non-renewable energy sources
7.2.2Renewable energy sources
7.2.3Nuclear energy
7.2.4Energy choices and sustainability
7.3.1Waste generation and types
7.3.2Waste disposal methods
7.3.3Waste management strategies
Unit 8: Human Systems and Resource Use
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