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Environmental Justice

IB Environmental Systems and Societies • Unit 1

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Environmental Justice

⚖️ Environmental Justice

Core idea: Environmental justice means **everyone has the right to a safe, healthy environment and fair access to resources**, no matter who they are or where they live.

🌍 Why environmental justice matters

Environmental justice is about **fairness** — who benefits, and who pays the price?

💰 Economic inequality and feedback loops

Economic inequality means wealth and opportunities are **unevenly distributed**.

In exams, link inequality to **reinforcing feedback loops** that make problems worse over time.

🏛️ Power, politics, and regulation

When economic power shapes laws, environmental damage can continue even when risks are well known.

🚰 Access to basic resources

Environmental justice also focuses on whether people can meet their **basic needs**.


🌐 Environmental justice at different scales

Environmental justice applies from the **local to the global scale**.

🧠 Exam-ready ideas to remember

Always connect environmental justice to **inequality, access to resources, and long-term sustainability**.

Trade, Resources, and Environmental Justice

🌍 Trade, Resources, and Environmental Justice

Environmental justice looks at **who benefits from resource use** and **who suffers the damage**.


🔄 Trade and resource extraction

Resource extraction may end officially, but unequal trade relationships can remain.

⚖️ Power imbalance between countries

High consumption in one place often causes harm somewhere else.

🌪️ Unequal environmental and social impacts

Climate impact example: Flooding can severely affect low-emission countries due to climate change driven elsewhere.

🏭 Pollution linked to global production


⚖️ Fair environmental policies

Environmental justice requires policies that protect people as well as the environment.

Justice = fair decision-making, fair outcomes, and shared responsibility.

👕 Case idea: Clothing and waste

Environmental justice asks: **Who consumes? Who profits? Who cleans up?**

📝 How to use this in exams

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