aimnova.
DashboardMy LearningPaper MasteryStudy Plan

Stay in the loop

Study tips, product updates, and early access to new features.

aimnova.

AI-powered IB study platform with personalised plans, instant feedback, and examiner-style marking.

IB Subjects
  • All IB Subjects
  • IB Diploma
  • IB ESS
  • IB Economics
  • IB Business Management
  • IB Math AI
  • IB Math AA
  • IB Physics
  • IB Spanish B
  • IB German B
Question Banks
  • ESS Question Bank
  • Economics Question Bank
  • Business Management Question Bank
  • Math AI Question Bank
  • Math AA Question Bank
  • Physics Question Bank
  • Spanish B Question Bank
  • German B Question Bank
Predicted Topics 2026
  • ESS Predictions 2026
  • Economics Predictions 2026
  • Business Management Predictions 2026
  • Math AI Predictions 2026
  • Math AA Predictions 2026
  • Physics Predictions 2026
  • Spanish B Predictions 2026
  • German B Predictions 2026

Study Resources

  • Free Study Notes
  • Mock Exams
  • Revision Guide
  • Flashcards
  • Exam Skills
  • Command Terms
  • Past Paper Feedback
  • Grade Calculator
  • Exam Timetable 2026

Company

  • Features
  • Pricing
  • About Us
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • Terms
  • Privacy
  • Cookies

© 2026 Aimnova. All rights reserved.

Made with 💜 for IB students worldwide

v0.1.1235
NotesGerman B HLTopic 3.1Present: irregular & stem-changing verbs
Back to German B HL Topics
3.1.23 min read

Present: irregular & stem-changing verbs

IB German B • Unit 3

IB exam ready

Study like the top scorers do

Access a smart study planner, AI tutor, and exam vault — everything you need to hit your target grade.

Start Free Trial

Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
When the vowel jumps: German has two very common verbs that are simply irregular — sein (to be) and haben (to have) — which you must learn by heart. On top of that, a big group of strong (stem-changing) verbs keep the normal present endings but change the stem vowel in the du and er/sie/es forms only: fahren → du fährst, er fährt (a→ä), geben → du gibst, er gibt (e→i), lesen → du liest, er liest (e→ie). Get those two persons right and the rest is regular.
unregelmäßig
irregular — the verb doesn't follow the plain stem + ending pattern (sein, haben)
das starke Verb
a strong / stem-changing verb — its stem vowel changes in du / er-sie-es
der Stammvokalwechsel
the stem-vowel change — a → ä, e → i, e → ie
die Endung
the ending — the normal present endings (-e, -st, -t, -en, -t, -en) still apply
sein
to be — fully irregular (bin, bist, ist, sind, seid, sind)
haben
to have — irregular only in du/er: du hast, er hat
Same jobs, trickier forms: These verbs do the same jobs as regular present verbs — habits, facts, the here-and-now, near-future plans. Only the form is harder, so the marks live in the du and er/sie/es forms. Learn the high-frequency ones (sein, haben, fahren, geben, lesen, sehen, schlafen, laufen) really well.
Two irregulars + three vowel patterns: First memorise sein and haben — the two most useful verbs in German. Then group the strong verbs by their vowel change: a → ä (fahren, schlafen, laufen au→äu), e → i (geben, sprechen, essen), and e → ie (lesen, sehen). In every group the change appears only in du and er/sie/es; the other four persons are regular.
TypVerbich / du / erwir / ihr / sie
irregulärseinbin · bist · istsind · seid · sind
irregulärhabenhabe · hast · hathaben · habt · haben
a→äfahrenfahre · fährst · fährtfahren · fahrt · fahren
a→äschlafenschlafe · schläfst · schläftschlafen · schlaft · schlafen
au→äulaufenlaufe · läufst · läuftlaufen · lauft · laufen
e→igebengebe · gibst · gibtgeben · gebt · geben
e→isprechenspreche · sprichst · sprichtsprechen · sprecht · sprechen
e→iessenesse · isst · isstessen · esst · essen
e→ielesenlese · liest · liestlesen · lest · lesen
e→iesehensehe · siehst · siehtsehen · seht · sehen
Only du and er — endings stay normal: Two reminders. (1) The vowel jumps only in du and er/sie/es — keep the normal vowel everywhere else (wir fahren, ihr fahrt, sie fahren). (2) The endings never change: it's still -e, -st, -t, -en, -t, -en. So «du fährst» = stem fähr + ending -st. And learn sein/haben as fixed lists — there's no rule for «bin, bist, ist».

Study smarter, not longer

Most students waste 40% of study time on topics they already know. Our AI tracks your progress and optimizes every minute.

Try Smart Study Free7-day free trial • No card required
Same jobs as the present: Irregular and stem-changing verbs do exactly the same jobs as regular present verbs — the form is the only difference. Here are the everyday uses, each shown with a high-frequency irregular / strong verb.

Uses of the present (irregular & strong verbs)

  • Habits & routines — «Jeden Morgen fahre ich mit dem Rad zur Schule.» (Every morning I ride my bike to school.)
  • General facts — «Das Museum ist sehr alt.» (The museum is very old.)
  • Actions happening now — «Ich lese gerade einen spannenden Roman.» (I'm reading an exciting novel right now.)
  • Near-future plans — «Heute Abend sehe ich mit Freunden einen Film.» (Tonight I'm watching a film with friends.)
  • Possession & states — «Ich habe zwei Geschwister und bin sehr glücklich.» (I have two siblings and I'm very happy.)
Don't over-think the meaning: A strong verb in the present means the same as a regular one: «er fährt» is simply he drives / he is driving. The challenge is purely the form — get the vowel change in du/er right and the rest works like any other present verb.
A day told with strong verbs: Here's a short everyday paragraph built one sentence at a time. Each sentence packs in irregular and stem-changing present verbs — sein, haben, and a→ä / e→i / e→ie strong verbs. Read it once for meaning, then tap Übersetzung anzeigen for the English or 🔊 to hear it.

Das unregelmäßige Präsens in Aktion

Ein Tag, Satz für Satz

  1. Ich bin Schülerin in Wien und habe jeden Tag viele Pläne.
  2. Am Morgen fahre ich mit dem Rad zur Schule, denn der Bus ist oft voll.
  3. In der ersten Stunde lese ich einen Text vor und gebe meiner Lehrerin die Hausaufgaben.
  4. Nach der Schule sehe ich kurz fern, dann laufe ich im Park und schlafe abends früh ein.
  5. Am Wochenende fährt meine Familie aufs Land, und wir sind alle sehr glücklich.
Steal this for your routine: Notice how many everyday verbs are strong: bin, habe, fahre, lese, gebe, sehe, laufe, schlafe — and how the vowel jumps as soon as you switch to du or er/sie/es («er fährt», «sie liest»). Memorising these few patterns lets you describe a whole day. Swap in your own activities and you have a ready-made paragraph.

Practice with real exam questions

Answer exam-style questions and get AI feedback that shows you exactly what examiners want to see in a full-marks response.

Try Practice Free7-day free trial • No card required
The slips to watch for: Three mistakes dominate: forgetting the vowel change in du/er («du fahrst» instead of du fährst), adding the change where it shouldn't go («wir fährt» — wir keeps the normal vowel and the -en ending), and mixing up the endings of sein/haben («ich bist», «er habe»). Compare the right version with the typical mistake and the fix becomes obvious.

Korrekt

  • Du fährst zu schnell.
  • Er liest die Zeitung.
  • Ich bin müde und habe Hunger.

Häufiger Fehler

  • Du fahrst zu schnell.
  • Er lest die Zeitung.
  • Ich bist müde und er habe Hunger.
Ask: which person, and is it strong?: Before you write a common verb, check two things: (1) which person is it? — the vowel change is only for du and er/sie/es; (2) is it strong? — fahren, schlafen, laufen go a→ä; geben, sprechen, essen go e→i; lesen, sehen go e→ie. For sein and haben there's no rule — recall the fixed forms (bin/bist/ist; habe/hast/hat).

Try an IB Exam Question — Free AI Feedback

Test yourself on Present: irregular & stem-changing verbs. Write your answer and get instant AI feedback — just like a real IB examiner.

Ergänze den Satz mit der richtigen Form von «sein» und «haben» im Präsens: «Ich ___ (sein) Österreicherin und meine Eltern ___ (haben) ein Haus in Salzburg.» [2 marks]

Related German B HL Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

3.1.1Present: regular verbs
3.1.3Separable & inseparable verbs
3.1.4Modal verbs
3.2.1Perfect tense (Perfekt)
View all German B HL topics

Improve your exam technique

Command terms, paper structure, and mark-scheme tips for German B HL

Previous
3.1.1Present: regular verbs
Next
Separable & inseparable verbs3.1.3

15 questions to test your understanding

Reading is just the start. Students who tested themselves scored 82% on average — try IB-style questions with AI feedback.

Start Free TrialView All German B HL Topics