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NotesGerman B HLTopic 3.1
Unit 3 · Grammar · Topic 3.1

IB German B HL — Present & core verbs

Topic 3.1 of IB German B covers Present & core verbs, which is part of Unit 3: Grammar. Students explore key concepts including Present: regular verbs, Present: irregular & stem-changing verbs, Separable & inseparable verbs, Modal verbs. A strong understanding of present & core verbs is essential for IB German B HL exams and builds the foundation for connected topics across the syllabus.

Higher Level students should use this topic hub as a map: start with the shared sub-topics, then follow the HL-only extensions and exam-skill links where this topic asks for deeper analysis.

Exam technique guidePractice questions

Key concepts in Present & core verbs

Key Idea: This topic covers the present tense: regular and irregular verbs, verbs with a prefix, and modal verbs. You use these forms in almost every German sentence.
Present tense endings
PersonEndingExample
ich-eich mache
du-stdu machst
er / sie / es-ter macht
wir-enwir machen
ihr-tihr macht
sie / Sie-ensie machen

Watch the stem

  • Stem ends in -t or -d: add -e-: du arbeitest, er findet.
  • Stem ends in -s, -ß or -z: the du form takes only -t: du reist, du heißt.
  • The verb stays in second place: {{Morgen lerne ich.|verb second after a time word}}
sein and haben
VerbForms (ich, du, er, wir, ihr, sie)
seinbin, bist, ist, sind, seid, sind
habenhabe, hast, hat, haben, habt, haben

Strong verbs change the vowel

  • a → ä: fahren → du fährst, er fährt
  • e → i: geben → du gibst, er gibt
  • e → ie: lesen → du liest, er liest
  • Only in du and er/sie/es. Wir, ihr and sie keep the plain vowel: wir fahren.
Separable or inseparable
SeparableInseparable
Prefixauf-, an-, ein-, mit-be-, emp-, ent-, er-, ge-, miss-, ver-, zer-
Main clausePrefix goes to the end: Ich stehe um sieben auf.Prefix stays: Ich verstehe dich gut.
Perfekt-ge- inside: aufgestandenNo -ge-: verstanden
Modal verbs
ModalMeaning
könnenability
müssenobligation
dürfenpermission
wollenwish
sollenadvice
möchtenpolite wish

Using a modal

  • Modal in second place, second verb last: {{Ich kann gut Deutsch sprechen.|I can speak German well.}}
  • ich and er use the same form, with no -t: ich kann, er kann.
  • Never put «zu» before the infinitive.
In a main clause the conjugated verb sits in second place. A second verb or a separable prefix waits at the end.

Why does «du arbeitest» have an extra -e-? Its stem, arbeit-, ends in t.

«Wir fahren» or «wir fähren»? Wir fahren. Wir keeps the plain vowel.

Is «verstehen» separable? No. Ver- is an inseparable prefix, so it never moves.

What is the difference between «nicht müssen» and «nicht dürfen»? Nicht müssen: you don't have to. Nicht dürfen: you must not.

Where does the infinitive go after a modal? To the end of the clause.

What you'll learn in Topic 3.1

  • 3.1.1 Present: regular verbs
  • 3.1.2 Present: irregular & stem-changing verbs
  • 3.1.3 Separable & inseparable verbs
  • 3.1.4 Modal verbs
Suggested study order: Read the notes for each sub-topic below → test yourself with flashcards → attempt practice questions → review exam technique.

Study resources — 3.1 Present & core verbs

3.1.1

Present: regular verbs

Notes
3.1.2

Present: irregular & stem-changing verbs

Notes
3.1.3

Separable & inseparable verbs

Notes
3.1.4

Modal verbs

Notes

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Topic 3.1 Present & core verbs forms a core part of Unit 3: Grammar in IB German B HL. Mastering these concepts will strengthen your understanding of connected topics across the syllabus and prepare you for exam questions that require analysis, evaluation, and real-world application.

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