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NotesSpanish BTopic 1.5The environment
Back to Spanish B Topics
1.5.114 min read

The environment

IB Spanish B · Unit 1

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Contents

  1. 1Core vocabulary
  2. 2Ideas & opinions
  3. 3Reading: the environment
  4. 4Writing task (IB-style)
  5. 5Listening (IB-style)
What 'el medio ambiente' covers: The environment (el medio ambiente) is part of the theme Sharing the planet. Learn the words below as a deck, then use them in the reading and writing sections.

You need vocabulary to talk about

  • Pollution and climate change
  • Recycling
  • Protecting nature
  • Your opinion about them
el medio ambiente
the environment
el cambio climático
climate change
el calentamiento global
global warming
la contaminación
pollution
los residuos / la basura
waste / rubbish
reciclar
to recycle
el plástico (de un solo uso)
(single-use) plastic
ahorrar (agua / energía)
to save (water / energy)
contaminar
to pollute
proteger la naturaleza
to protect nature
las energías renovables
renewable energy
sostenible — la sostenibilidad
sustainable — sustainability
el consumo responsable
responsible consumption
Useful expression (Spanish)English
Debemos cuidar el medio ambiente.We must look after the environment.
Reciclo el plástico y el papel en casa.I recycle plastic and paper at home.
Hay que reducir la contaminación.We need to reduce pollution.
Intento ahorrar agua y energía.I try to save water and energy.
El cambio climático es un problema global.Climate change is a global problem.
Why this matters: This vocabulary turns up in every skill — a reading text on recycling, a listening interview about a green project, a Paper 1 blog about a school campaign, or your oral. Reusing the right topic words is how you score Criterion A (Language).

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Have something to say: Examiners reward developed ideas, not just vocabulary. Take a position and back it up.

The common debates around the environment

  • Individual action vs the responsibility of governments and companies
  • Whether small changes really help
  • The cost of living sustainably

Opinion phrases (use these to introduce a view)

  • En mi opinión… / Desde mi punto de vista… — In my opinion… / From my point of view…
  • Me parece que… / Creo que… — It seems to me that… / I think that…
  • Lo más importante es… — The most important thing is…
  • Por un lado… por otro lado… — On the one hand… on the other hand…
  • Estoy (totalmente) de acuerdo con… — I (completely) agree with…

El problema (drawbacks)

  • Generamos demasiada basura y plástico de un solo uso.
  • La contaminación daña la salud y la naturaleza.
  • Mucha gente cree que una persona sola no puede cambiar nada.

Las soluciones (benefits)

  • Reciclar y reducir el consumo está al alcance de todos.
  • Las energías renovables son más limpias y sostenibles.
  • Los pequeños hábitos, sumados, marcan la diferencia.

At school

  • una campaña para reciclar más en el instituto
  • reducir el desperdicio de comida en el comedor
  • aulas demasiado calurosas o frías

Protecting nature

  • un parque temático o un festival junto a un espacio natural
  • la basura electrónica, sequías e incendios
  • salvar plantas en peligro de extinción

Living greener

  • comprar de segunda mano, vivir sin plástico
  • bicicletas y patinetes eléctricos en la ciudad
  • jabón hecho con aceite usado, casas sostenibles

Big questions behind this topic (IB guide, theme Sharing the planet)

  • ¿Qué problemas ambientales plantean retos al mundo y cómo se pueden superar?
  • ¿Qué puede hacer una sola persona por el planeta?
  • ¿Progreso económico o protección de la naturaleza?
Step diagram: How to write to the mayor about an environmental problem
Paper 1 letters on a theme park, a festival, food waste or e-waste follow this chain.
Link your ideas: Connectors lift your answer from a list into an argument: además (besides), sin embargo (however), por lo tanto (therefore), aunque (although). Use at least two or three in any written answer.

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Read like Paper 2: Here is a short blog — the kind of text Paper 2 (Reading) gives you. Then we'll do one exam question together.

How to read it

1

Read once for the gist

Read it once just for the general idea; don't worry about every word.

2

Listen

Tap the audio button to hear it.

3

Stuck?

Tap Ver traducción if you get stuck.

Gist → Listen → Translate if stuck

Nuestro proyecto verde en el instituto: El curso pasado mi instituto producía muchísima basura: nadie reciclaba y los pasillos estaban llenos de botellas de plástico.

Por eso un grupo de estudiantes pusimos en marcha un proyecto verde. Primero colocamos contenedores de colores en cada aula y organizamos charlas para explicar cómo separar los residuos.

Nuestro proyecto verde en el instituto (continuación)

Al principio costó convencer a la gente, pero poco a poco más compañeros se sumaron. Ahora reciclamos casi todo, compramos productos locales en la cafetería y hemos plantado un pequeño huerto en el patio. Cuidar el medio ambiente desde el colegio merece la pena: me siento orgullosa de lo que hemos conseguido entre todos.
poner en marcha
to set up / to launch
el contenedor
bin / container
separar los residuos
to separate waste
sumarse (a)
to join in (with)
el huerto
vegetable garden / allotment

IB-style task — una pregunta de Paper 2

Una pregunta, paso a paso

  1. The question — Según el texto, ¿qué fue lo primero que hicieron los estudiantes en el proyecto?
  2. Find it in the text. Look for primero: Primero colocamos contenedores de colores en cada aula y organizamos charlas para explicar cómo separar los residuos.
  3. The answer — Colocaron contenedores de colores en cada aula (y organizaron charlas).
Reading technique: For a según el texto (according to the text) question, find the exact line that proves your answer — don't rely on memory or general knowledge.
La tarea — your task: Eres responsable del grupo ecológico de tu colegio. Vas a dar un discurso en la asamblea del colegio: describe cómo cuidáis (o no) el medio ambiente y anima a todos a vivir de forma más sostenible.

Escribe entre 250 y 400 palabras.

Speech structure — 5 steps

1

Greet the audience

Greet everyone present. Buenos días, compañeros, profesores y personal del colegio.

2

Announce the topic

Say what you will talk about. Hoy quiero hablaros de…

3

Your arguments

A striking fact, a personal example, a turning point. ¿Sabíais que…?, Sin embargo…

4

Call to action

Three simple actions, in the imperative. Os propongo tres gestos: separad…

5

Closing line

A memorable ending and thanks. Gracias por escucharme.

Greet → Topic → Arguments → Call to action → Thanks

Modelo: los 5 pasos en ~100 palabras

El discurso, paso a paso

  1. Buenos días, compañeros, profesores y personal del colegio.
  2. Hoy quiero hablaros de un problema que vemos cada día en el patio: la basura.
  3. ¿Sabíais que nuestro colegio tira más de cien botellas de plástico al día? Hace un año, yo tampoco reciclaba: tiraba el plástico a la basura normal y dejaba las luces encendidas. Sin embargo, los pequeños cambios lo cambian todo.
  4. Por eso os propongo tres gestos: separad los residuos, traed una botella reutilizable y apagad las luces al salir.
  5. El planeta no necesita héroes perfectos, sino muchas personas que empiecen hoy. Gracias por escucharme.
Por qué funciona — why it works: A strong speech does this for each of the three Paper 1 criteria:

A — Language /12

  • Imperfect for past habits: reciclaba, tiraba
  • Vosotros imperatives: separad, traed, apagad
  • Contrast: no necesita…, sino…

B — Message /12

  • Task fully done: describes habits AND encourages change
  • A striking fact and three concrete actions

C — Conceptual /6

  • Speech conventions: greets the audience and thanks them
  • A rhetorical question to grab attention: ¿Sabíais que…?
  • A direct call to action to the listeners
Escucha como en Paper 2: Paper 2 also tests listening (25 marks): you hear short clips and answer questions — but you never see the words. Here's one, simplified. Play it, answer, then reveal the transcript to check.

Comprensión auditiva — la sequía en el pueblo de Lucía

Listen to Lucía describe how a drought has changed life in her village. Try to answer before you reveal the transcript — that's how Paper 2 Listening works.

  1. Según Lucía, ¿qué hacen ahora en su casa para ahorrar agua? (What do they now do at Lucía's house to save water?)

Hola, soy Lucía y vivo en un pueblo del sur de España. Este verano casi no ha llovido y el embalse que nos da agua está casi vacío. Por eso el ayuntamiento corta el agua por la noche y ha prohibido regar los jardines. En casa hemos cambiado muchas costumbres: nos duchamos en cinco minutos y usamos el agua de lavar la verdura para las plantas. Al principio era incómodo, pero ahora entiendo que el agua es un recurso que no podemos malgastar.

Hi, I'm Lucía and I live in a village in the south of Spain. This summer it has hardly rained and the reservoir that gives us our water is almost empty. That's why the town council cuts off the water at night and has banned watering gardens. At home we've changed lots of habits: we shower in five minutes and we use the water from washing vegetables for the plants. At first it was a nuisance, but now I understand that water is a resource we can't waste.

  1. Se duchan en cinco minutos y usan el agua de lavar la verdura para las plantas.
Listening technique: Read the question first, then listen for that one detail — you don't need to catch every word. In the real exam you hear each clip twice.
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IB Exam Questions on The environment

Practice with IB-style questions filtered to Topic 1.5.1. Get instant AI feedback on every answer.

Practice Topic 1.5.1 QuestionsBrowse All Spanish B Topics

How The environment Appears in IB Exams

Examiners use specific command terms when asking about this topic. Here's what to expect:

  • Define

    Give the precise meaning of key terms related to The environment.

    AO1
  • Describe

    Give a detailed account of processes or features in The environment.

    AO2
  • Explain

    Give reasons WHY — cause and effect within The environment.

    AO3
  • Evaluate

    Weigh strengths AND limitations of approaches in The environment.

    AO3
  • Discuss

    Present arguments FOR and AGAINST with a balanced conclusion.

    AO3

See the full IB Command Terms guide

Related Spanish B Topics

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Improve your exam techniqueCommand terms, paper structure, and mark-scheme tips for Spanish B
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