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NotesFrench BTopic 3.4Pronouns y & en
Back to French B Topics
3.4.28 min read

Pronouns y & en

IB French B · Unit 3

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Contents

  1. 1What it is
  2. 2The forms
  3. 3When to use it
  4. 4In action
  5. 5Common errors
The pronouns y and en: y and en are two little pronouns that let you avoid repeating a phrase you've already mentioned. Both sit before the verb: j'y vais, j'en ai.

y

  • Replaces à + a place or thing
  • *Tu vas à Paris ?* → *Oui, j'y vais.* (Yes, I'm going there.)

en

  • Replaces de + a noun, a quantity or a partitive
  • *Tu veux du café ?* → *Oui, j'en veux.* (Yes, I want some.)
y
replaces à + a place/thing — j'y vais (I'm going there), j'y pense (I think about it)
en
replaces de + a noun, a quantity, or a partitive — j'en ai deux (I have two), j'en mange (I eat some)
le pronom adverbial
an adverbial pronoun — y and en stand in for a whole prepositional phrase
le partitif (du, de la, des)
the partitive some/any; en replaces du/de la/des + noun
la quantité
a quantity — with a number or quantity word, en replaces the noun but you REPEAT the number (j'en ai trois)
devant le verbe
before the verb — y and en normally go just before the conjugated verb
Why they save you marks: Examiners reward natural, flowing French — and that means not repeating à la piscine or du pain twice. Answering *Oui, j'y vais* or *Oui, j'en prends* instead of repeating the noun sounds like a real speaker and shows control of pronouns.

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What each one replaces: y swallows up à (and sur, dans, chez) + a place or thing. en swallows up de + a noun, a partitive (du, de la, des) or a quantity.
Same form, same place: Other place prepositions like sur, dans, chez count too. Neither one changes form — they're the same for every subject. They go before the conjugated verb.
Phrase complèteAvec le pronomEnglish
Je vais à Paris.J'y vais.I'm going there.
Je pense à mon examen.J'y pense.I think about it.
Je mange du pain.J'en mange.I eat some (bread).
Je viens de Lyon.J'en viens.I come from there.
J'ai deux frères.J'en ai deux.I have two (of them).
J'ai besoin d'aide.J'en ai besoin.I need it / some.
Keep the number or quantity word with en: When en replaces a noun that came with a number or a quantity word, you say the number again: *J'ai trois chiens* → J'en ai trois. (not just *j'en ai***).

Same with quantity words

  • beaucoup de travail → *j'en ai beaucoup*
  • un peu de sucre → *j'en veux un peu*
PositionExemple avec yExemple avec en
Avant le verbe conjuguéJ'y vais.J'en prends.
Avant l'infinitif (aller/vouloir + inf.)Je vais y aller.Je veux en acheter.
Au négatifJe n'y vais pas.Je n'en veux pas.
Ordre affirmatif (trait d'union)Vas-y !Prends-en !
en covers the de-verbs: Many verbs and expressions are built on de: avoir besoin de, parler de, se souvenir de, avoir envie de. When the de-thing is already known, en replaces it.
Two de-verbs with en: *Tu te souviens de ce film ?* → *Oui, je m'en souviens.* · *On parle du projet ?* → *Oui, on en parle.*

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When each one fires: Ask yourself which preposition the phrase hides. à → y (a place or a thing you do something to/about). de / a quantity / a partitive → en.

Quand employer y

  • A place (aller, être, habiter…) — Tu vas au cinéma ? — Oui, j'y vais. (Yes, I'm going there.)
  • à + a thing with verbs like penser, réfléchir — Tu penses à l'examen ? — Oui, j'y pense. (Yes, I think about it.)
  • Fixed expressions — Il y a (there is/are), Ça y est ! (That's it!), Vas-y ! (Go on!).

Quand employer en

  • A partitive (du, de la, des) — Tu veux du gâteau ? — Oui, j'en veux. (Yes, I'd like some.)
  • A quantity / number (REPEAT it) — Tu as combien de frères ? — J'en ai deux. (I have two.)
  • de + a place (origin) — Tu viens de Marseille ? — Oui, j'en viens. (Yes, I'm from there.)
  • de-verbs & expressions — Tu as besoin d'aide ? — Oui, j'en ai besoin. (Yes, I need it.)
The quick test: à or de?: Spot the preposition hiding in the phrase. If it's à (or a place word like dans, sur, chez), use y. If it's de, a partitive (du/de la/des) or a quantity, use en. à mon travail → j'y pense · de mon travail → j'en parle.
A day out, exchange by exchange: Here's a short dialogue about an afternoon at the pool, built one exchange at a time. Read it once, then tap Voir la traduction for the English or the audio button to hear it.

Each reply uses y or en instead of repeating the phrase

  • j'y vais (à la piscine)
  • j'en prends deux (a quantity)
  • j'en ai assez (avoir besoin de)
  • the command Vas-y !

y et en en action

Une sortie, échange par échange

  1. — Tu vas à la piscine cet après-midi ? — Oui, j'y vais à trois heures.
  2. — Tu prends ton maillot ? — Oui, et j'en prends deux, au cas où.
  3. — Tu as besoin d'argent ? — Non merci, j'en ai assez.
  4. — On parle encore du match d'hier ? — Non, n'en parlons plus !
  5. — Allez, vas-y, plonge ! — D'accord, j'y vais !
Steal this for your answers: Notice the move: a question names a phrase (à la piscine, du café, de l'argent), and the reply replaces it with one little pronoun.
Answer with y or en: Whenever a question repeats a place or a de-thing, answer with y or en — it's exactly what a natural speaker does, and it sounds far better than repeating the noun.

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The slips anglophone learners make: Four traps cost most marks. Compare the right version with the typical mistake.

The four traps

  • Mixing up y and en — y is for à/a place, en is for de/a quantity (j'y pense about it, but j'en parle of it).
  • Putting the pronoun after the verb as in English (I go there → wrong: je vais y, right: *j'y vais*).
  • Forgetting to repeat the number/quantity with en (j'en ai when you mean *j'en ai deux*).
  • Keeping the noun as well as the pronoun (*j'en mange du pain is wrong → j'en mange* is right).

Correct

  • Tu vas au marché ? — Oui, j'y vais.
  • Tu veux du fromage ? — Oui, j'en veux.
  • Tu as combien de chats ? — J'en ai trois.
  • Tu penses à tes vacances ? — Oui, j'y pense.

Erreur fréquente

  • Tu vas au marché ? — Oui, j'en vais.
  • Tu veux du fromage ? — Oui, j'y veux.
  • Tu as combien de chats ? — J'en ai.
  • Tu penses à tes vacances ? — Oui, je pense y.

Three quick checks: à → y, de → en, before the verb

  • Which preposition is hidden — à/place → y, de/quantity → en?
  • Is the pronoun before the conjugated verb (j'y vais, j'en ai), or attached after an affirmative command (Vas-y !, Prends-en !)?
  • With en, did you keep the number or quantity word (j'en ai deux, j'en veux un peu) and drop the original noun?

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Remplace la partie soulignée par y** ou **en : (a) Je pense [à mes vacances]. (b) Il parle [de son travail]. [2 marks]

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