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NotesFrench BTopic 3.4
Unit 3 · Grammar · Topic 3.4

IB French B — Pronouns & structures

Topic 3.4 of IB French B covers Pronouns & structures, which is part of Unit 3: Grammar. Students explore key concepts including Object pronouns, Pronouns y & en, Relative pronouns, Comparatives. A strong understanding of pronouns & structures is essential for IB French B exams and builds the foundation for connected topics across the syllabus.

Exam technique guidePractice questions

Key concepts in Pronouns & structures

Key Idea: This topic helps you avoid repeating nouns and join or compare ideas: object pronouns, y and en, relative pronouns, and comparatives.

Object pronouns

  • Direct: me, te, le, la, les, nous, vous. Indirect: me, te, lui, leur, nous, vous.
  • Before the verb: «Je le vois», «Je vais le voir», «Je l'ai vu».
  • Order: me/te/nous/vous → le/la/les → lui/leur → y → en.
  • «parler à» and «téléphoner à» take lui or leur, not les.

Pronouns y & en

  • y replaces «à» + a place or thing: «j'y vais», «j'y pense».
  • en replaces «de» + a noun, some, or a quantity: «j'en mange», «j'en ai deux».
  • Keep the number with en and drop the noun. After a command, add a hyphen: «Vas-y !», «Prends-en !».
Relative pronouns
PronounUse it whenExample
quia verb follows (subject)le garçon qui court
que / qu'a new subject follows (object)le film que j'aime
oùyou mean a place or a timela ville où je vis
dontthe verb takes «de»le sujet dont on parle

Comparatives

  • plus / moins + adjective + que: «plus grand que». The adjective agrees.
  • aussi + adjective + que; autant de + noun + que.
  • Irregular: bon → meilleur, bien → mieux, mauvais → pire.
  • Superlative: le / la / les plus + adjective + de: «le plus grand de».
A pronoun sits before the verb it belongs to. Only a positive command puts it after.

«Je téléphone à mes parents.» Replace «à mes parents». Je leur téléphone.

«J'ai trois chiens.» Use en. J'en ai trois.

«C'est le livre ___ je parle.» Dont, because you say «parler de».

«Plus bon» or «meilleur»? Meilleur. «Plus bon» is never correct.

«La fille ___ il aime»: qui or que? Qu': a new subject (il) follows, and que shortens before a vowel.

What you'll learn in Topic 3.4

  • 3.4.1 Object pronouns
  • 3.4.2 Pronouns y & en
  • 3.4.3 Relative pronouns
  • 3.4.4 Comparatives
Suggested study order: Read the notes for each sub-topic below → test yourself with flashcards → attempt practice questions → review exam technique.

Study resources — 3.4 Pronouns & structures

3.4.1

Object pronouns

Notes
3.4.2

Pronouns y & en

Notes
3.4.3

Relative pronouns

Notes
3.4.4

Comparatives

Notes

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Topic 3.4 Pronouns & structures forms a core part of Unit 3: Grammar in IB French B. Mastering these concepts will strengthen your understanding of connected topics across the syllabus and prepare you for exam questions that require analysis, evaluation, and real-world application.

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