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NotesFrench BTopic 3.3Using the subjunctive
Back to French B Topics
3.3.47 min read

Using the subjunctive

IB French B · Unit 3

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Contents

  1. 1What it is
  2. 2The forms
  3. 3When to use it
  4. 4In action
  5. 5Common errors
When to use the subjunctive: You already know how to build the present subjunctive (micro 3.3.3). This micro is about when to use it.

The short answer

1

A trigger

A word or phrase that expresses necessity, a wish, an emotion or a doubt.

2

que

The trigger is followed by que.

3

A change of subject

The person after que is different from the first one.

trigger + que + a change of subject

Start here

  • The two most common triggers to memorise first are il faut que (it is necessary that) and je veux que (I want that).
  • If the subject doesn't change, you usually just use the infinitive instead.
le subjonctif
the subjunctive — the mood used after a trigger to express necessity, wish, emotion or doubt
le déclencheur
the trigger — the phrase that calls for the subjunctive (il faut que, je veux que…)
le changement de sujet
the change of subject — the two halves of the sentence have different subjects
la proposition
the clause — a part of the sentence with its own verb
il faut que
it is necessary that — the #1 necessity trigger (il faut que tu viennes)
je doute que
I doubt that — a doubt trigger that always takes the subjunctive
The one rule to remember: The golden rule is trigger + que + a CHANGE of subject. I want (je) you to study (tu) → Je veux que tu étudies — two different people, so the subjunctive appears. Same person? Drop que and use the infinitive: Je veux étudier (I want to study).

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The trigger families: Triggers fall into a handful of families. Learn one or two examples from each and you'll recognise the subjunctive everywhere.
One shape, five common irregulars: They all share the same shape: trigger + que + subjunctive. The irregular subjunctive forms you'll meet most: être → soit, avoir → ait, faire → fasse, aller → aille, venir → vienne.

Les familles de déclencheurs

  • Necessity / obligation — il faut que, il est important que — Il faut que tu viennes. (You have to come.)
  • Wish / will — je veux que, je souhaite que, j'aimerais que — Je veux que tu viennes. (I want you to come.)
  • Emotion — je suis content(e) que, j'ai peur que, je regrette que — Je suis content que tu sois là. (I'm glad you're here.)
  • Doubt / denial — je doute que, je ne pense pas que, il est possible que — Je doute qu'il vienne. (I doubt he'll come.)
  • Conjunctions — bien que, pour que, avant que, à condition que — Je t'explique pour que tu comprennes. (I'm explaining so you understand.)
FamilleDéclencheur typiqueExemple au subjonctif
Nécessitéil faut que / il est important queIl faut que tu finisses tes devoirs.
Volonté / souhaitje veux que / je souhaite queJe veux que tu sois à l'heure.
Émotionje suis content que / j'ai peur queJe suis content que tu viennes.
Doute / négationje doute que / je ne pense pas queJe doute que ce soit vrai.
Conjonctionsbien que / pour que / avant queBien qu'il fasse froid, je sors.
InfinitifSubjonctif (il/elle)Exemple
êtresoitIl faut que ce soit prêt.
avoiraitJe veux qu'il ait du temps.
fairefasseIl faut qu'elle fasse un effort.
allerailleJe doute qu'il aille à la fête.
venirvienneJe souhaite que tu viennes.
Same subject? Use the infinitive: The subjunctive needs two different subjects. With one subject, drop que and use the infinitive: Je veux partir (I want to leave), not je veux que je parte. After il faut with no named subject, you can also use the infinitive: Il faut partir (One must leave).

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Indicative vs subjunctive — the penser test: The clearest contrast between indicative and subjunctive is belief vs doubt.

The penser test

  • When you affirm a belief or a hope of fact, you use the indicative.
  • When you doubt or deny it, you use the subjunctive.
  • The same verb can take either mood depending on the trigger in front of it.
  • Watch the ne…pas: je pense que keeps the indicative, but the negative je ne pense pas que flips to the subjunctive.

Indicatif (affirmer)

  • Je pense qu'il vient demain.
  • Je suis sûr que c'est vrai.
  • J'espère qu'il réussit.

Subjonctif (douter / nier)

  • Je ne pense pas qu'il vienne demain.
  • Je ne suis pas sûr que ce soit vrai.
  • Je doute qu'il réussisse.
Affirm → indicative, doubt/deny → subjunctive: Je pense qu'il vient (indicative — I'm asserting it) but Je ne pense pas qu'il vienne (subjunctive — I'm doubting it). The trigger flips from affirmation to doubt, and so does the mood.
The j'espère exception: Note: j'espère que stays in the indicative in French (j'espère que tu viens), even though it feels like a wish.
Wishes and opinions, sentence by sentence: Here's a short paragraph of wishes and opinions, built one sentence at a time.

How to read it

  • Each line opens with a trigger (il faut que, je suis content que, je doute que, je veux que, bien que).
  • So the verb after que is in the subjunctive.
  • Read it once, then tap Voir la traduction for the English or the audio button to hear it.

Le subjonctif en action

Souhaits et opinions, phrase à phrase

  1. Il faut que notre lycée organise plus d'activités pour les élèves.
  2. Je suis content que tant de jeunes fassent du bénévolat.
  3. Je doute que le problème se règle sans l'aide de tous.
  4. Je veux que tout le monde ait les mêmes chances.
  5. Bien que ce soit difficile, je pense que nous pouvons réussir.
Steal this for opinion questions: These openers are gold for opinion tasks: Il faut que…, Je ne pense pas que…, Bien que…. Drop in any topic and you sound advanced. Just make sure there's a change of subject — otherwise use the infinitive (Il faut étudier, Je veux partir).

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The slips anglophone learners make: Four usage traps cost most marks for English speakers. Compare the right version with the typical mistake.

The four traps

  • Using the indicative after a clear trigger (il faut que tu viens is wrong → viennes is right).
  • Forcing que + subjunctive when there's no change of subject: there you use the infinitive.
  • Putting j'espère que in the subjunctive: in French it keeps the indicative.
  • Forgetting the irregular forms (être → soit, avoir → ait, faire → fasse).

Correct

  • Il faut que tu viennes.
  • Je veux partir.
  • J'espère que tu viens.
  • Je suis content que tu sois là.

Erreur fréquente

  • Il faut que tu viens.
  • Je veux que je parte.
  • J'espère que tu viennes.
  • Je suis content que tu es là.

Check trigger, subject and form

1

Trigger?

Is there a trigger of necessity/wish/emotion/doubt? Then use the subjunctive.

2

Same subject?

Is the subject the same in both halves? Then drop que and use the infinitive (je veux partir).

3

Irregular form?

Did you use the irregular form where needed (soit, ait, fasse, aille, vienne)?

trigger, subject, form

The famous exception: Remember j'espère que is the famous exception that keeps the indicative.

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Indique si chaque phrase a besoin de l'indicatif ou du subjonctif, puis écris la forme correcte du verbe entre parenthèses : (a) Je pense qu'il ___ (venir) demain. (b) Je doute qu'il ___ (venir) demain. [2 marks]

Related French B Topics

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3.1.1Present: -er verbs3.1.2Present: -ir & -re verbs3.1.3Irregular present3.1.4Reflexive verbs
View all French B topics
Improve your exam techniqueCommand terms, paper structure, and mark-scheme tips for French B
Previous3.3.3Present subjunctiveNextCommands3.3.5

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