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v0.1.1262
NotesFrench BTopic 3.3Commands
Back to French B Topics
3.3.54 min read

Commands

IB French B • Unit 3

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Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
The imperative (commands): The imperative (l'impératif) is how French gives commands, instructions and advice — do this, don't do that. You use it for recipes, directions, signs and tips. Two things make it easy: it has only three forms (tu, nous, vous), and you drop the subject pronoun — you say « Parle ! », not « tu parles ». « nous » is the « let's… » command (« Parlons ! » = let's speak).
l'impératif
the imperative — the command form («do this!»)
l'impératif affirmatif
an affirmative command — telling someone TO do something (Parle !)
l'impératif négatif
a negative command — telling someone NOT to do something (Ne parle pas !)
tu / vous
informal «you» / formal-or-plural «you» — each has its own command form
nous
the «let's…» command («Parlons !» = let's talk)
le pronom sujet (omis)
the subject pronoun is DROPPED in the imperative — «Mange !», not «tu manges»
When you reach for it: Any time the task is a recipe, a set of directions, an instruction sheet or a piece of advice, you'll use the imperative. « Tourne à droite », « N'oublie pas ton casque », « Goûte ce plat »** — short, direct, and very common in the writing tasks.
Three forms, no pronoun: Take the present tense, keep only the tu / nous / vous forms, and drop the pronoun. One twist: -er verbs lose the final -s in the « tu » form (tu manges → « Mange ! »). For -ir and -re verbs the -s stays (« Finis ! », « Prends ! »). A few verbs are irregular — learn être, avoir and aller by heart.
Personne-er (parler)-ir (finir)-re (prendre)
tuparlefinisprends
nous («let's»)parlonsfinissonsprenons
vousparlezfinissezprenez
négatif (tu)ne parle pasne finis pasne prends pas
Verbetunousvous
êtresoissoyonssoyez
avoiraieayonsayez
allervaallonsallez
fairefaisfaisonsfaites
mettremetsmettonsmettez
Drop the -s on -er « tu » commands: The present is « tu manges », but the command drops the -s: « Mange ! ». Same for aller: « tu vas » → « Va ! ». The one exception: keep the -s before « y » or « en » for the liaison — « Vas-y ! » (Go on!), « Manges-en ! » (Have some!).

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Five everyday jobs: The imperative shows up wherever someone is told what to do. Here are the five contexts you meet most in the exam — each with a French example. Notice how short and direct each command is, and how the subject pronoun disappears.

Les emplois de l'impératif

  • Instructions — « Remplis le formulaire et signe en bas. » (Fill in the form and sign at the bottom.)
  • Recipes — « Ajoute deux œufs et mélange bien. » (Add two eggs and mix well.)
  • Directions — « Continue tout droit et tourne à droite. » (Go straight on and turn right.)
  • Advice — « Repose-toi davantage et ne t'inquiète pas trop. » (Rest more and don't worry too much.)
  • Signs & notices — « Ne fume pas ici. Garde la porte fermée. » (Don't smoke here. Keep the door closed.)
Match the command to your reader: Use the « tu » command for a friend or someone your age (« goûte ça »), and the « vous » command for someone you address formally or for several people (« goûtez ceci, monsieur »). For a recipe or a general public sign, « tu » or « vous » is common, and the infinitive can appear on packaging (« Ajouter du sel »).
A recipe, step by step: Here's a short recipe, built one instruction at a time. Each step uses the imperative — mostly « tu » commands (watch the dropped -s on the -er verbs: lave, coupe, ajoute, remue, goûte), with an irregular (mets, sois), a negative (ne laisse pas), a reflexive (dépêchons-nous) and the « nous » « let's » form at the end. Read it once, then tap Voir la traduction for the English or 🔊 to hear it.

L'impératif en action

Une recette, pas à pas

  1. D'abord, lave bien les légumes et coupe-les en petits morceaux.
  2. Mets une casserole sur le feu et ajoute un peu d'huile.
  3. Ne laisse pas brûler la sauce ; remue-la doucement.
  4. Sois patient et goûte avant de servir.
  5. Enfin, dépêchons-nous et mangeons tous ensemble !
Steal this for instructions: Notice the pattern: short imperative verbs (lave, coupe, mets, ajoute) plus sequence words (d'abord, ensuite, enfin). Swap in any process — a recipe, directions, a how-to — and you have a tidy set of instructions. Watch the pronoun: coupe-les (attached with a hyphen on an affirmative) but ne les coupe pas (before on a negative).

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The slips anglophone learners make: Four traps cost most marks. (1) Keeping the subject pronoun (« tu parle » ✗ → « Parle ! » ✓). (2) Forgetting to drop the -s on an -er « tu » command (« manges » ✗ → « Mange ! » ✓). (3) Pronoun placement: it attaches with a hyphen after an affirmative (Lève-toi !) but goes before a negative (Ne te lève pas !), and te → toi only on the affirmative. (4) Using the infinitive as a command to a person (« Fermer la porte » ✗ → « Ferme la porte » ✓). Compare the right version with the typical mistake.

Correct

  • Parle plus fort.
  • Mange tes légumes.
  • Lève-toi maintenant.
  • Ne te lève pas encore.
  • Ferme la porte, s'il te plaît.

Erreur fréquente

  • Tu parle plus fort.
  • Manges tes légumes.
  • Lève-te maintenant.
  • Lève-toi pas encore.
  • Fermer la porte, s'il te plaît.
Drop the pronoun, drop the -s, place the pronoun: Three quick checks: (1) Did you drop the subject pronoun («Parle !», not «tu parles»)? (2) On an -er « tu » command, did you drop the -s («Mange !»)? (3) Is the object/reflexive pronoun in the right place — attached after an affirmative («Donne-le-moi», «Lève-toi») but before a negative («Ne me le donne pas», «Ne te lève pas»)? And never use a bare infinitive as a command to a person.

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Corrige l'erreur d'impératif dans ces phrases : « Manges tes légumes. » et « Fermer la porte, s'il te plaît. » Écris la version correcte. [2 marks]

Related French B Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

3.1.1Present: -er verbs
3.1.2Present: -ir & -re verbs
3.1.3Irregular present
3.1.4Reflexive verbs
View all French B topics

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