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What is a perspective (in psychology)?
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What is a perspective (in psychology)?
A viewpoint or level of explanation used to understand behaviour.
What does the biological perspective focus on?
The body — brain, genes, hormones and chemicals.
What does the cognitive perspective focus on?
Mental processes — memory, attention, thinking and beliefs.
What does the sociocultural perspective focus on?
The social world — other people, groups, culture and norms.
Memory line for the three perspectives?
Body, mind, world.
Are the perspectives rivals?
No — they operate at different levels and complement each other.
Explain insomnia biologically.
Stress hormones and an over-active stress response keep the body alert.
Explain insomnia socioculturally.
A noisy environment or exam-season pressure disrupts sleep.
Why use more than one perspective?
Each sees a different part of the picture, so together they explain more.
Which concept is this?
Perspective — one of the six core concepts.
1.5.210 cards
What is the emic (insider) perspective?
Understanding behaviour from inside a culture, on its own terms and meanings.
What is the etic (outsider) perspective?
Studying behaviour from outside, comparing across cultures with general categories.
What is ethnocentrism?
Judging another culture by your own culture's standards, treating yours as the norm.
Emic vs etic in one line?
Emic = insider meaning; etic = outsider comparison.
Give an example of ethnocentrism.
Calling a culture's customs 'backward' just because they differ from your own.
Risk of using only an outsider (etic) view?
You may miss local meaning and slip into ethnocentrism.
Risk of using only an insider (emic) view?
It becomes hard to compare across cultures.
Why can a test built in one culture mislead elsewhere?
Its questions assume one culture's norms, so others are judged by the wrong standards.
How do you reduce ethnocentrism in research?
Combine etic comparison with emic understanding, and adapt measures to local meaning.
Which concept is this?
Perspective — one of the six core concepts.
Topic 1.5 study notes
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