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Who are the main actors in rights?
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All Flashcards in Topic 2.2
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2.2.111 cards
Who are the main actors in rights?
States & governments, IGOs (the UN and its bodies), NGOs & civil society, and individuals & communities (human rights defenders).
What is the 'state paradox'?
The state is the main protector of rights (laws, courts, police) and the main violator (it holds the power to abuse its own people).
How do states protect rights?
By making and enforcing laws, running courts, and providing police protection — only the state can guarantee rights day-to-day.
How do states violate rights?
By using their power — police, courts, army — against their own people through repression, unfair trials or abuse.
What role do IGOs play in rights?
The UN and its bodies (e.g. the Human Rights Council) set global standards and monitor states, but have weak enforcement.
What role do NGOs play in rights?
Watchdogs like Amnesty International expose abuses and campaign — power through publicity and shame, not law.
Why is Amnesty International a good example?
It researches abuses worldwide and mobilises millions to pressure governments, with no army or law-making power — its weapon is publicity.
What is a human rights defender?
An individual activist who protects and promotes rights, often at great personal risk.
How do NGOs protect rights without legal power?
By exposing abuses to the world, raising the cost of violating rights for governments that want trade, aid or standing.
Why are IGOs strong on standards but weak on force?
They can write treaties and monitor states, but depend on states to act, and powerful states can block enforcement (the veto).
Who protects rights best?
No single actor — only states hold real power, but because they are also the main violators, IGOs and NGOs are essential to check them.
Topic 2.2 study notes
Full notes & explanations for Actors and interactions
Global Politics exam skills
Paper structures, command terms & tips
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