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v0.1.1207
NotesGerman BTopic 2.2Instructions
Back to German B Topics
2.2.42 min read

Instructions

IB German B • Unit 2

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Contents

  • What it is
  • Register & tone
  • Structure
  • Annotated model
  • Useful phrases
A set of instructions: A set of instructions (die Anleitung / die Anweisungen) tells the reader how to do something step by step — a recipe, a how-to, a set of rules. In Paper 1 you choose it when the task asks you to explain how to make or do something. It's part of Unit 2: Text Types, so the marks come from getting its conventions and register right (Criterion C), not just the message.
die Anleitung / die Anweisungen
a set of instructions
die Überschrift / der Titel
the title (says what the reader will make/do)
der Schritt
the step
der Imperativ / die Befehlsform
the imperative (command form: «schäle», «füge … hinzu»)
die Reihenfolge
the order / sequence of steps
der Warnhinweis / der Tipp
the warning / a tip to be careful
Spot it in the task: The task asks you to explain a process. «Erkläre, wie man … zubereitet», «Schreibe eine Anleitung, wie man …» → a set of instructions. If it said «Schreibe deinem Freund, um ihm zu erzählen …» you'd switch to an informal email (a different text type). Read the command term first.
Clear and direct: Use the imperative (or the infinitive) to give each step, a second-person «du» or an impersonal «man», and precise, ordered language. The reader has to follow you exactly, so keep sentences short and unambiguous. Consistency matters — mixing «schäle» (du-imperative) with «schälen» (infinitive) breaks the register and costs you Criterion C.

In German the verb of an imperative goes first: «Schäle die Banane.», «Gib die Milch hinzu.»

Instructions — do this

  • Zuerst schäle die Banane.
  • Füge die Milch hinzu und mixe eine Minute.
  • Sei vorsichtig mit dem Messer.

Avoid here

  • Ich glaube, es wäre schön, die Banane zu schälen.
  • Vielleicht könntest du etwas Milch hinzufügen.
  • Ich bitte Sie, vorsichtig zu sein.
Stay consistent: Pick one command form — du-imperative (schäle, füge hinzu, serviere) OR infinitive (schälen, hinzufügen, servieren) — and keep it from the first step to the last. Don't switch halfway through. Separable verbs split in the imperative: «Gib die Milch hinzu.»

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The five parts: Every set of instructions follows the same shape. Hit all five parts and you've covered the conventions the examiner is looking for.

Instructions — 5 parts

1

Title

A clear title that says what the reader will make or do. «So machst du in fünf Minuten einen Smoothie»

2

What you need

A short intro and the things or ingredients required. «Bevor du anfängst, brauchst du eine Banane, Milch und einen Mixer.»

3

Numbered steps

The steps in order, in the imperative — the longest part. «Zuerst schäle die Banane. Gib anschließend die Milch hinzu.»

4

Tip / warning

A tip or a warning so it goes well. «Sei vorsichtig mit dem Messer.»

5

Encouraging close

A short, encouraging ending. «Fertig! Trau dich, es auszuprobieren.»

Title → What you need → Numbered steps → Tip/warning → Encouraging close

Don't skip the frame: Students lose easy Criterion C marks by jumping straight into steps with no title or list of what you need. They take seconds and show you know the text type — never leave them out.
A model, part by part: Here's a complete set of instructions built from the five parts above. Read it once for the message, then tap Übersetzung anzeigen to check the English or 🔊 to hear it.

Modell: die 5 Teile in Aktion

Die fertige Anleitung, Teil für Teil

  1. So machst du in fünf Minuten einen Bananen-Smoothie
  2. Dieses Rezept ist sehr einfach und schnell. Bevor du anfängst, brauchst du eine reife Banane, ein Glas Milch, einen Löffel Honig und einen Mixer.
  3. Zuerst schäle die Banane und schneide sie in Stücke. Gib anschließend die Stücke in den Mixer und füge die Milch hinzu. Danach gib den Honig dazu und mixe alles eine Minute lang. Serviere den Smoothie zum Schluss in einem kalten Glas.
  4. Sei vorsichtig mit dem Messer des Mixers und achte darauf, dass du den Deckel gut schließt, bevor du ihn einschaltest.
  5. Fertig! Du wirst sehen, es ist kinderleicht. Trau dich, es auszuprobieren, und sag mir, wie es dir schmeckt.
Warum es punktet — why it scores: These short instructions earn marks on all three Paper 1 criteria — here's how:

A — Language /12

  • Clear imperatives: schäle, schneide, gib … hinzu, füge … hinzu, mixe, serviere
  • Sequence connectors: «Zuerst», «anschließend», «Danach», «zum Schluss»
  • Precise vocabulary (Banane, Mixer, Löffel, Deckel)

B — Message /12

  • Clear purpose: a process the reader can actually follow
  • Ideas developed (ingredients, ordered steps, a warning)

C — Conceptual /6

  • Instructions conventions: title + what you need + steps
  • Consistent command register (imperative throughout)
  • Ordered, precise, direct tone

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A toolkit you can reuse: Learn a few ready-made phrases for each part. They make your instructions sound natural and save time in the exam. Tap 🔊 to hear them.

Zum Anfang (title & what you need)

  • So machst du / Wie man … macht — How to make / How you make …
  • Bevor du anfängst, brauchst du … — Before you start, you need …
  • Dieses Rezept ist sehr einfach und schnell. — This recipe is very easy and quick.

Für die Schritte (ordering the steps)

  • Zuerst … / Anschließend … — First … / Next …
  • Danach … / Zum Schluss … — Then … / Finally …
  • Achte darauf, dass … — Make sure that …

Zum Schluss (warning & close)

  • Sei vorsichtig mit … — Be careful with …
  • Fertig! Du wirst sehen, es ist kinderleicht. — That's it! You'll see it's super easy.
  • Trau dich, es auszuprobieren. — Give it a go.
Use one from each: A clear title, two or three sequence connectors in the steps, and a short encouraging close is plenty — and instantly makes it feel like the real text type.

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Schreibe die ÜBERSCHRIFT und den Satz «was du brauchst» für eine Anleitung, wie man ein einfaches belegtes Brot zubereitet. (1–2 Sätze) [2 marks]

Related German B Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

2.1.1Informal email/letter
2.1.2Blog
2.1.3Personal diary
2.1.4Social media post
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