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Topic 3.4German B HL56 flashcards

Cases, pronouns & adjectives

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Card 1 of 563.4.1
3.4.1
Question

der bestimmte Artikel

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All Flashcards in Topic 3.4

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3.4.114 cards

Card 1definition
Question

der bestimmte Artikel

Answer

the definite article — der / die / das ('the')

Card 2definition
Question

der unbestimmte Artikel

Answer

the indefinite article — ein / eine ('a/an')

Card 3definition
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der Nominativ

Answer

nominative case — the SUBJECT (who/what does the action)

Card 4definition
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der Akkusativ

Answer

accusative case — the DIRECT OBJECT (who/what receives the action)

Card 5definition
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maskulin: Nom. → Akk.

Answer

der → den, ein → einen (the masculine article changes)

Card 6definition
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feminin: Nom. → Akk.

Answer

die → die, eine → eine (no change)

Card 7definition
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neutrum: Nom. → Akk.

Answer

das → das, ein → ein (no change)

Card 8definition
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Der Hund schläft.

Answer

The dog is sleeping. (der Hund = subject → Nominativ)

Card 9definition
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Ich sehe den Hund.

Answer

I see the dog. (den Hund = direct object → Akkusativ, der→den)

Card 10definition
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kein → keinen

Answer

negative 'kein' follows 'ein': masculine object → «keinen Hund»

Card 11concept
Question

Which article changes between Nominativ and Akkusativ?

Answer

Only the masculine: der→den, ein→einen, kein→keinen. Feminine die, neuter das and plural die stay the same.

Card 12concept
Question

How do you find the case of a noun?

Answer

Ask: does it DO the verb (subject → Nominativ) or does the action fall ON it (direct object → Akkusativ)?

Card 13concept
Question

What happens to the article after 'sein' (to be)?

Answer

It STAYS Nominativ — «Er ist ein Lehrer», never «einen Lehrer». 'sein' and 'werden' keep the Nominative.

Card 14concept
Question

What is the most common Nominativ/Akkusativ error?

Answer

Leaving a masculine object as «der/ein» instead of «den/einen», or changing a feminine/neuter article that should stay the same.

3.4.214 cards

Card 15definition
Question

der Dativ (Wem-Fall)

Answer

the dative — the indirect object; ask „wem?“ (to whom?)

Card 16definition
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der Genitiv (Wessen-Fall)

Answer

the genitive — possession; ask „wessen?“ (whose?)

Card 17definition
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Dativ: maskulin / feminin / neutrum / Plural

Answer

dem / der / dem / den (+ noun -n)

Card 18definition
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Genitiv: maskulin / feminin / neutrum / Plural

Answer

des (+ -s) / der / des (+ -s) / der

Card 19definition
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geben → Dativ-Beispiel

Answer

Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch. (I give the man the book.)

Card 20definition
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Possession im Genitiv

Answer

das Auto meines Vaters (my father's car)

Card 21definition
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Dativ-Verben

Answer

helfen, danken, gefallen, gehören + Dativ (Das Buch gehört dem Lehrer.)

Card 22definition
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Dativ-Präpositionen

Answer

mit, nach, aus, bei, von, zu, seit + Dativ

Card 23definition
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Genitiv-Präpositionen

Answer

wegen, trotz, während, statt + Genitiv

Card 24definition
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Wechselpräpositionen (two-way)

Answer

an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen — Dativ (wo?) / Akkusativ (wohin?)

Card 25concept
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How do you find the dative in a sentence?

Answer

Ask „wem?“ (to whom?): „Wem gebe ich das Buch?“ → dem Mann.

Card 26concept
Question

What endings change in the dative & genitive?

Answer

Dative plural noun adds -n (den Kindern); masculine/neuter genitive noun adds -s/-es (des Mannes); the article always changes.

Card 27concept
Question

Why is „Ich helfe den Mann“ wrong?

Answer

„helfen“ is a dative verb, so it must be „dem Mann“ (dative), not the accusative „den Mann“.

Card 28concept
Question

What is the most common dative/genitive error?

Answer

Using the accusative after a dative verb/preposition, forgetting the dative-plural -n, or forgetting the genitive -s/-es.

3.4.314 cards

Card 29definition
Question

ich → mich → mir

Answer

Nominativ → Akkusativ → Dativ of „I“: I / me / to me

Card 30definition
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du → dich → dir

Answer

Nominativ → Akkusativ → Dativ of „you“ (sing.): you / you / to you

Card 31definition
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er → ihn → ihm

Answer

Nominativ → Akkusativ → Dativ of „he“: he / him / to him

Card 32definition
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sie → sie → ihr

Answer

Nominativ → Akkusativ → Dativ of „she“: she / her / to her

Card 33definition
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wir → uns → uns

Answer

Nominativ → Akkusativ → Dativ of „we“: we / us / to us

Card 34definition
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ihr → euch → euch

Answer

Nominativ → Akkusativ → Dativ of „you“ (pl.): you / you / to you

Card 35definition
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sie/Sie → sie/Sie → ihnen/Ihnen

Answer

they / them / to them (and formal you): Nom/Akk/Dat

Card 36definition
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Reflexiv: ich wasche mich

Answer

Akkusativ reflexive — the action reflects back: I wash myself

Card 37definition
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Reflexiv: ich wasche mir die Hände

Answer

Dativ reflexive — reflexive + a direct object (die Hände)

Card 38definition
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sich freuen / sich erinnern an

Answer

reflexive verbs: to be glad / to remember (sb/sth)

Card 39concept
Question

Which case does „helfen“ take?

Answer

The Dativ — „Ich helfe dir“, never „dich“. Also danken, gefallen, gehören.

Card 40concept
Question

When is the reflexive in the Dativ?

Answer

When there is also a direct object: „Ich putze mir die Zähne“ (mir, not mich).

Card 41concept
Question

Which reflexive forms differ Akk vs Dat?

Answer

Only ich (mich/mir) and du (dich/dir); sich, uns, euch are the same in both.

Card 42concept
Question

What is the most common pronoun error?

Answer

Using the Akkusativ after a Dativ verb („Er hilft mich“ → should be „mir“), or „sich“ for wir/ihr.

3.4.414 cards

Card 43definition
Question

die Adjektivendung

Answer

adjective ending — set by gender + case + the der-/ein-word: «der alte Mann»

Card 44definition
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der Komparativ

Answer

comparative — «adjective + -er + als»: «schöner als» (more beautiful than)

Card 45definition
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der Superlativ

Answer

superlative — «am …-sten» / «der/die/das …-ste»: «am schönsten» (most beautiful)

Card 46definition
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als (vs. wie)

Answer

«als» = than (after a comparative); «wie» = as (equality, so … wie)

Card 47definition
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so … wie

Answer

as … as (equality): «so groß wie» (as big as)

Card 48definition
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gut → besser → am besten

Answer

good → better → best (irregular)

Card 49definition
Question

viel → mehr → am meisten

Answer

much → more → most (irregular)

Card 50definition
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gern → lieber → am liebsten

Answer

gladly → rather → most of all (irregular)

Card 51definition
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hoch → höher → am höchsten

Answer

high → higher → highest (irregular, with Umlaut)

Card 52definition
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Umlaut im Komparativ

Answer

many one-syllable adjectives add an Umlaut: alt→älter, groß→größer, jung→jünger, lang→länger

Card 53concept
Question

How do you say «bigger than» in German?

Answer

groß → größer (Umlaut) + als: «größer als». Comparative takes «als», never «wie».

Card 54concept
Question

How do you form the superlative?

Answer

Predicative: «am + adjective + -sten» (am schönsten). Before a noun: «der/die/das + adjective + -ste» (die schönste Stadt).

Card 55concept
Question

Why is «größer wie» wrong?

Answer

After a comparative (-er) German uses «als» (than), not «wie». «wie» is only for equality (so groß wie).

Card 56concept
Question

What are the most common comparison errors?

Answer

«größer wie» instead of «als»; «mehr interessant» instead of «-er»; forgetting the Umlaut (alter→älter); dropping the adjective ending before a noun.

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IB German B HL Topic 3.4 Flashcards | Cases, pronouns & adjectives | Aimnova | Aimnova