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Topic 3.2German B HL56 flashcards

Past tenses

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Card 1 of 563.2.1
3.2.1
Question

das Perfekt

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3.2.114 cards

Card 1definition
Question

das Perfekt

Answer

the perfect tense (the spoken/written German past for completed actions)

Card 2definition
Question

machen → ich (Perfekt)

Answer

ich habe gemacht (I have done / I did)

Card 3definition
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spielen → wir (Perfekt)

Answer

wir haben gespielt (we played)

Card 4definition
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gehen → ich (Perfekt)

Answer

ich bin gegangen (I went) — movement, so «sein»

Card 5definition
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fahren → er/sie (Perfekt)

Answer

er/sie ist gefahren (he/she drove) — movement, so «sein»

Card 6definition
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essen → ich (Perfekt)

Answer

ich habe gegessen (I ate) — strong participle

Card 7definition
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sehen → wir (Perfekt)

Answer

wir haben gesehen (we saw) — strong participle

Card 8definition
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schreiben → ich (Perfekt)

Answer

ich habe geschrieben (I wrote) — strong participle

Card 9definition
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sein → ich (Perfekt)

Answer

ich bin gewesen (I have been) — takes «sein»

Card 10definition
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einschlafen → er/sie (Perfekt)

Answer

er/sie ist eingeschlafen (he/she fell asleep) — change of state, separable

Card 11concept
Question

How is the Perfekt formed?

Answer

An auxiliary (haben or sein) conjugated in the present + the past participle (Partizip II), which goes to the END of the clause.

Card 12concept
Question

When do you use «sein» instead of «haben»?

Answer

For verbs of movement from A to B (gehen, fahren, kommen) and change of state (einschlafen, aufwachen); also sein, bleiben, werden.

Card 13concept
Question

How do regular vs strong verbs form the participle?

Answer

Regular (weak): ge- + stem + -t (gemacht, gespielt). Strong: ge- + (changed) stem + -en (gegangen, gegessen) — learn these.

Card 14concept
Question

Where does the past participle go in the sentence?

Answer

To the very END of the clause: «Ich habe gestern Fußball gespielt» — auxiliary in position 2, participle last (the Satzklammer).

3.2.214 cards

Card 15definition
Question

das Präteritum (Imperfekt)

Answer

the simple past — the one-word, written/narrative past tense

Card 16definition
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wohnen → ich (Präteritum)

Answer

ich wohnte (I lived) — weak verb: stem + -te

Card 17definition
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machen → er/sie (Präteritum)

Answer

er/sie machte (he/she made) — ich and er forms are identical

Card 18definition
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arbeiten → ich (Präteritum)

Answer

ich arbeitete (I worked) — extra -e- after a -t/-d stem

Card 19definition
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gehen → ich (Präteritum)

Answer

ich ging (I went) — strong verb: vowel change, no ending

Card 20definition
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kommen → er (Präteritum)

Answer

er kam (he came) — strong verb, vowel change

Card 21definition
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sein → ich (Präteritum)

Answer

ich war (I was) — irregular, used even in speech

Card 22definition
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haben → ich (Präteritum)

Answer

ich hatte (I had) — irregular, used even in speech

Card 23definition
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können → ich (Präteritum)

Answer

ich konnte (I could / was able to) — modal, no umlaut

Card 24definition
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wollen → ich (Präteritum)

Answer

ich wollte (I wanted) — modal verb in the past

Card 25concept
Question

When do you use the Präteritum?

Answer

For written, connected past narratives and reports, fairy tales/biographies/news — and the everyday past of sein, haben and the modal verbs.

Card 26concept
Question

Weak vs strong in the Präteritum?

Answer

Weak verbs add -te (wohnen → wohnte); strong verbs change the stem vowel and take NO ending in the ich/er form (gehen → ging).

Card 27concept
Question

Why is „gehte“ wrong?

Answer

gehen is a strong verb, so it never takes the -te marker; the Präteritum is the vowel-change form „ging“.

Card 28concept
Question

konnte or könnte?

Answer

„konnte“ is the Präteritum (past) of können; „könnte“ is the Konjunktiv II („would be able to“). Don't confuse the past with the conditional.

3.2.314 cards

Card 29definition
Question

das Perfekt (Funktion)

Answer

the spoken past: speech, blogs, emails — haben/sein + Partizip II (ich habe gemacht)

Card 30definition
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das Präteritum (Funktion)

Answer

the written, narrative past: stories, reports, the news (ich machte, ich ging)

Card 31definition
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machen: habe gemacht vs machte

Answer

habe gemacht = Perfekt (spoken); machte = Präteritum (written narrative)

Card 32definition
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gehen: bin gegangen vs ging

Answer

bin gegangen = Perfekt with sein (movement); ging = Präteritum

Card 33definition
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Perfekt mit haben oder sein?

Answer

most verbs take haben; movement/change of state takes sein (bin gegangen, gefahren, gekommen, aufgewacht)

Card 34definition
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sein im Gespräch

Answer

Präteritum: „ich war“ (I was) — NOT the Perfekt „bin gewesen“, even in speech

Card 35definition
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haben im Gespräch

Answer

Präteritum: „ich hatte“ (I had) — NOT „habe gehabt“, even in speech

Card 36definition
Question

Modalverben im Gespräch

Answer

Präteritum: konnte, wollte, musste, durfte, sollte — NOT „habe gekonnt“ etc.

Card 37definition
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Wortstellung im Perfekt

Answer

the Partizip II goes to the very END of the clause: „Ich habe einen Film gesehen.“

Card 38definition
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Bewegungsverben im Perfekt

Answer

verbs of movement take sein: bin gegangen / gefahren / gekommen — never „habe gegangen“

Card 39concept
Question

How do you decide Perfekt or Präteritum?

Answer

Ask: am I speaking / writing something speech-like (Perfekt), or writing a narrative (Präteritum)?

Card 40concept
Question

Which tense for a spoken/blog text?

Answer

The Perfekt — the spoken past for everyday speech, blogs, emails and chats.

Card 41concept
Question

Which tense for a written story or report?

Answer

The Präteritum — the written, narrative past (es war einmal…, das Konzert begann…).

Card 42concept
Question

Most common Perfekt/Präteritum mistakes?

Answer

Putting sein/haben/modals in the Perfekt in speech, wrong auxiliary (habe gegangen), and the Partizip not at the clause end.

3.2.414 cards

Card 43definition
Question

das Plusquamperfekt

Answer

the pluperfect (hatte/war + Partizip II = «had done»)

Card 44definition
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hatte / war

Answer

the helper — the Präteritum of haben (hatte) or sein (war)

Card 45definition
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machen → Plusquamperfekt (ich)

Answer

ich hatte gemacht (I had done/made)

Card 46definition
Question

sehen → Plusquamperfekt (ich)

Answer

ich hatte gesehen (I had seen)

Card 47definition
Question

gehen → Plusquamperfekt (ich)

Answer

ich war gegangen (I had gone)

Card 48definition
Question

fahren → Plusquamperfekt (ich)

Answer

ich war gefahren (I had travelled/driven)

Card 49definition
Question

essen → Plusquamperfekt (ich)

Answer

ich hatte gegessen (I had eaten)

Card 50definition
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kommen → Plusquamperfekt (ich)

Answer

ich war gekommen (I had come)

Card 51definition
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schreiben → Plusquamperfekt (ich)

Answer

ich hatte geschrieben (I had written)

Card 52definition
Question

nachdem + Plusquamperfekt

Answer

«Nachdem ich gegessen hatte, ging ich ins Bett.» (After I had eaten…) — pluperfect clause + Präteritum main clause

Card 53concept
Question

How do you form the pluperfect?

Answer

Take the Präteritum of the helper (hatte / war) and add the Partizip II — like the Perfekt, but the helper is in the past.

Card 54concept
Question

When do you use the pluperfect?

Answer

For the «past before the past»: an action already finished before another past action, classically after «nachdem», with the Präteritum in the main clause.

Card 55concept
Question

How do you choose hatte vs war?

Answer

Same as the Perfekt: «war» for verbs of motion/change of state (gehen, fahren, kommen, einschlafen); «hatte» for everything else.

Card 56concept
Question

What are the most common pluperfect errors?

Answer

Using the present helper habe/bin (= Perfekt), choosing the wrong helper (hatte instead of war), or putting the main clause in the present instead of the Präteritum.

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IB German B HL Topic 3.2 Flashcards | Past tenses | Aimnova | Aimnova