Economic development, fertility and the demographic dividend
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Question
Define the fertility rate.
Answer
The average number of children a woman has.
Question
What happens to fertility as a country develops?
Answer
It **falls** — families have fewer children.
Question
What happens to life expectancy as a country develops?
Answer
It **rises** — people live longer.
Question
Two reasons fertility falls with development?
Answer
Female education + employment, and lower child mortality (also cost of children, family planning).
Question
Define the demographic dividend.
Answer
The economic boost when a **large share are working-age** with **few dependants**.
Question
How does a demographic dividend boost the economy?
Answer
More workers and taxpayers, and fewer dependants → more savings and investment.
Question
Fertility vs life expectancy relationship?
Answer
**Negative** — high fertility goes with low life expectancy, and vice versa.
Question
Why do educated women have fewer children?
Answer
They tend to **delay** childbearing for study/work and choose smaller families.
Question
Why does lower child mortality reduce fertility?
Answer
When more children survive, families no longer need many to ensure some live.
Question
Data command terms: Identify vs Estimate?
Answer
**Identify** = read a value straight off; **Estimate** = give a sensible figure from the axis.
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Full study notes for Economic development, fertility and the demographic dividend
Topic 1.1 hub
Population and economic development patterns
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