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v0.1.1262
NotesFrench BTopic 3.5Connectors
Back to French B Topics
3.5.13 min read

Connectors

IB French B • Unit 3

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Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
Connectors join your ideas: Connectors (les connecteurs logiques, also called mots de liaison) are the little words and phrases that glue your sentences together — « d'abord », « cependant », « donc », « de plus ». They show the reader or listener how one idea relates to the next: is it ordering steps, contrasting, explaining a cause, or drawing a conclusion? Without them your writing reads like a list; with them it flows as a single, connected argument.
le connecteur logique
the connector — a word/phrase that links ideas
la cohésion
cohesion — how well ideas hang together as one text
la séquence
sequence — putting steps in order (first, then, finally)
le contraste
contrast — showing two ideas pull in opposite directions
la cause
cause — the reason why something happens
la conséquence
consequence — the result that follows from a cause
They lift your band: Examiners reward cohesion directly. A handful of well-placed connectors is one of the quickest ways to move from a list of simple sentences into the higher bands in both the written task and the oral. Aim to use two or three different ones in every paragraph.
Five jobs, five toolkits: Connectors come in families, grouped by the job they do. You don't need them all — pick one or two from each family and use them confidently. Here are the families you meet most in French B, with their connectors and what each one signals.
FonctionConnecteursCe que ça signale
Séquenced'abord, ensuite, puis, enfinorders steps (first, then, next, finally)
Contrastemais, cependant, pourtant, en revanche, par contretwo ideas pull apart (but, however, yet, on the other hand)
Conséquencedonc, par conséquent, c'est pourquoi, alorsgives the result (so, therefore, that's why)
Causecar, parce que, puisquegives the reason (for, because, since)
Additionde plus, en outre, également, aussiadds another idea (moreover, in addition, also)

Comment les utiliser

  • Séquence — « D'abord je me lève, ensuite je prends le petit-déjeuner. » (First I get up, then I have breakfast.)
  • Contraste — « C'est cher, mais ça vaut la peine. » (It's expensive, but it's worth it.)
  • Conséquence — « Il pleut, donc je reste à la maison. » (It's raining, so I'm staying home.)
  • Cause — « Je ne sors pas parce qu'il pleut. » (I'm not going out because it's raining.)
  • Addition — « J'aime le cinéma. De plus, je vais souvent au théâtre. » (I like the cinema. Moreover, I often go to the theatre.)
Match the connector to the job: Before you write a connector, ask what relationship you mean: ordering, contrasting, explaining why, or showing a result. Picking from the right family is what makes your text read smoothly. « cependant » = contrast; « donc » = result — never swap them. And remember: « car » never opens a sentence, while « parce que » can answer a pourquoi ? question.

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Where connectors earn marks: Connectors aren't decoration — they do real work in the exam. Here are the moments where reaching for one lifts your cohesion and pushes you into a higher band, each with a French example.

Quand les utiliser

  • Building an argument in writing — « Il faut recycler. Par conséquent, je trie mes déchets à la maison. » (We must recycle. Therefore, I sort my waste at home.)
  • Adding a second reason — « J'aime voyager. En outre, je pratique les langues. » (I like travelling. In addition, I practise languages.)
  • Conceding a point in a discussion — « C'est difficile ; pourtant, j'essaie. » (It's hard; yet, I try.)
  • Ordering ideas in the oral — « D'abord je parlerai du problème, puis de la solution. » (First I'll talk about the problem, then about the solution.)
  • Comparing two facts — « En ville il y a du bruit ; en revanche, à la campagne c'est calme. » (In the city there's noise; on the other hand, in the countryside it's quiet.)
Two or three per paragraph: You don't need a connector in every sentence — that sounds forced. Aim for two or three well-chosen ones per paragraph, and vary them. A text that only ever uses « et » to join ideas stays in the lower bands.
One paragraph, ideas strung together: Here's a short paragraph that uses a connector from a different family in almost every sentence — sequencing, adding, contrasting, showing a cause and a result, and concluding. Read it once for meaning, then tap Voir la traduction or 🔊 to hear it. Notice how the connectors carry you from one idea to the next.

Les connecteurs en action

Un paragraphe, idée après idée

  1. D'abord, apprendre les langues est très utile dans la vie de tous les jours.
  2. De plus, cela ouvre beaucoup de portes pour les voyages et le travail à l'étranger.
  3. Cependant, étudier une langue demande du temps, car il y a beaucoup de vocabulaire.
  4. C'est pourquoi je m'entraîne chaque jour : je révise les mots puis j'écris un court texte.
  5. Enfin, même si c'est un effort, cela vaut vraiment la peine d'apprendre une autre langue.
Steal this skeleton: The shape is reusable: « D'abord » (open) + « De plus » (add) + « Cependant » (contrast) + « car » (cause) + « C'est pourquoi » (result) + « Enfin » (close). Drop your own topic into it and you have a connected paragraph for any discursive task.

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The slips anglophone learners make: Most connector mistakes are about picking the wrong family or mis-using a French-specific word. Four traps cost most marks. (1) Starting a sentence with « car » — it joins a cause inside a sentence and never opens one (use « parce que » to answer pourquoi ?, or « car » mid-sentence). (2) Joining everything with « et » instead of varying connectors. (3) Confusing « donc » (result) with « cependant » (contrast). (4) Forgetting that « parce que » elides to « parce qu' » before a vowel. Compare the right version with the typical mistake.

Correct

  • Il pleut, donc je reste à la maison.
  • Je ne sors pas parce qu'il pleut.
  • C'est cher, cependant je l'achète.
  • J'aime lire ; de plus, j'aime écrire.

Erreur fréquente

  • Il pleut. Car je reste à la maison.
  • Je ne sors pas parce que il pleut.
  • C'est cher, donc je l'achète mais je n'aime pas.
  • J'aime lire et écrire et regarder la télé et sortir.
Check the relationship, not just the word: Before writing a connector, name the relationship: am I sequencing, contrasting or showing a result? If a sentence starts with « Car… » on its own, it's wrong — turn the cause into a result with « Donc… », or answer the pourquoi ? with « parce que » inside the sentence. And stop stringing everything together with « et ».

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Écris une phrase qui ordonne trois actions du matin en utilisant « d'abord », « ensuite » et « enfin ». [2 marks]

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