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v0.1.1262
NotesFrench BTopic 2.2Formal letter
Back to French B Topics
2.2.14 min read

Formal letter

IB French B • Unit 2

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Contents

  • What this text type is
  • Register & tone
  • Structure of the letter
  • Annotated model
  • Useful phrases & connectors
The formal letter: The formal letter (la lettre formelle) is one of the most testable Paper 1 text types. You write to someone in a role you don't know personally — a mayor, a head teacher, a company, an official — to request, complain, apply or inform.

The whole point is a polite, respectful, distanced tone. That tone — plus the date, the formal greeting and the formal sign-off — is exactly what Criterion C (conceptual understanding) rewards.
QuestionFormal letter answer
Who reads it?Someone in a role — a company, an official, a head teacher.
What pronoun?vous (never tu — even to one person).
What tone?Polite, respectful, controlled — never chatty.
What must it have?A date, a formal greeting (Madame, Monsieur,) and a formal sign-off.
Typical purposeRequest, complain, apply, inform — formally and politely.
Don't confuse it with the INFORMAL email: An informal email uses tu, « Salut… » and « Bises ». A formal letter uses vous, « Madame, Monsieur, » and « Je vous prie d'agréer… ». Picking the wrong register is the fastest way to lose Criterion C — decide who your reader is before you start writing.
Stay on 'vous', stay polite: Everything in a formal letter points to one register: vous. The verbs, the requests, the greeting and the sign-off must all match. A single tu or a chatty slang word breaks the tone — and the marks.

Informal (WRONG here)

  • Salut Léa ! / Coucou !
  • Je t'écris pour te raconter un truc…
  • Réponds-moi vite !
  • Bises, / À bientôt, / Gros bisous,

Formal (RIGHT here)

  • Madame, Monsieur,
  • Je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de…
  • Dans l'attente de votre réponse,
  • Je vous prie d'agréer mes salutations distinguées.

Markers of the polite formal tone

  • vous / votre everywhere — never tu or toi
  • Polite openers: Je me permets de vous écrire… / Je vous écris afin de…
  • Conditional politeness: Je vous serais reconnaissant·e de… / Je souhaiterais…
  • No slang, no exclamations, no emojis — measured, respectful sentences
  • A formal closing formula before the sign-off: Dans l'attente de votre réponse,
Consistency is the test: Examiners look for one consistent register. Choose vous on the first line and keep it to the last. A formal letter that slips into « Salut ! » or tu loses Criterion C even if the French is otherwise correct.

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Date → greeting → opening → body → close → sign-off: A formal letter follows a fixed, reliable shape. Hit each part and you secure the conventions marks (Criterion C); the date, the formal greeting and the formal sign-off are the parts examiners check first.

The 5 parts of a formal letter

1

Date + greeting

Place + date at the top, then « Madame, Monsieur, ». « Toulouse, le 3 avril 2026. »

2

Opening

Politely state why you write. « Je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de… »

3

Body

The request / complaint / application, developed politely, on vous, with reasons.

4

Close

A courteous closing line. « Dans l'attente de votre réponse, je vous remercie de votre attention. »

5

Sign-off

A formal formula + your full name. « Je vous prie d'agréer… » + Prénom Nom.

Date+greeting → Opening → Body → Close → Sign-off

PartReady-to-use French
Date + greeting[Ville], le [date]. — Madame, Monsieur, / Madame la Directrice,
OpeningJe me permets de vous écrire au sujet de… / Je vous écris afin de…
BodyJe vous serais reconnaissant·e de… / Je souhaiterais savoir…
CloseDans l'attente de votre réponse, je vous remercie de votre attention.
Sign-offJe vous prie d'agréer, Madame, Monsieur, mes salutations distinguées. + Prénom Nom
Never drop the frame: The date + greeting and the sign-off are the 'frame' of the letter — losing either one costs easy Criterion C marks. Even when you run short on time, always close with « Je vous prie d'agréer… » + your full name.
See it all in one short letter: Here is a complete formal letter — short, but with every part in place. Read it once (tap Voir la traduction if you get stuck), then notice the labelled features below: that's exactly what an examiner ticks off.
Une lettre formelle — modèle: « Toulouse, le 3 avril 2026. Madame, Monsieur, Je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de l'état du parc de mon quartier, laissé sans entretien depuis plusieurs mois. Je vous serais reconnaissant de bien vouloir étudier sa remise en état, car de nombreuses familles l'utilisent chaque jour. Dans l'attente de votre réponse, je vous prie d'agréer, Madame, Monsieur, l'expression de mes salutations distinguées. Marc Lemaire. »
How to analyse a model: To analyse any formal letter, look at three things: the greeting (« Madame, Monsieur, »), the pronouns (vous/votre), and the sign-off (« Je vous prie d'agréer… »). Those three reveal the register instantly — and they're the parts you must reproduce in your own answer.

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A toolkit for each part: Keep a small bank of phrases for each part of the letter. Reusing them accurately is straight Criterion A (Language) — and it stops you freezing on the greeting or the sign-off.
For…Useful French phraseEnglish
GreetingMadame, Monsieur, / Madame la Directrice, / Monsieur le Maire,Dear Sir or Madam, / Dear Madam (Head), / Dear Mr Mayor,
OpeningJe me permets de vous écrire au sujet de… / Je vous écris afin de…I am writing to you concerning… / I am writing in order to…
RequestJe vous serais reconnaissant·e de bien vouloir… / Je souhaiterais savoir…I would be grateful if you would kindly… / I should like to know…
ComplaintJe tiens à vous faire part de mon mécontentement concernant…I wish to express my dissatisfaction regarding…
CloseDans l'attente de votre réponse, je vous remercie de votre attention.Awaiting your reply, I thank you for your attention.
Sign-offJe vous prie d'agréer, Madame, Monsieur, mes salutations distinguées.Yours faithfully, (please accept my distinguished salutations).

Connectors to keep it formal and flowing

  • en premier lieu… ensuite… enfin — firstly… then… lastly
  • par ailleurs / de plus — moreover / in addition
  • c'est pourquoi / par conséquent — that is why / consequently
  • en effet / étant donné que — indeed / given that (justify your point)
  • toutefois / cependant — however (a measured contrast, no « mais » alone)
Polite, not blunt: Use the conditional to soften requests: « Je souhaiterais… », « Je vous serais reconnaissant… » sound far more formal than « Je veux… ». A couple of formal connectors lift you from a list into a real, respectful letter — and that's rewarded in Criterion A.

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Écris une OUVERTURE forte (1 phrase) pour une lettre formelle à une mairie dans laquelle tu indiques clairement le motif de ton écrit. [1 mark]

Related French B Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

2.1.1Informal email/letter
2.1.2Blog
2.1.3Personal diary
2.1.4Social media post
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