Cohesion & register

also, moreover, in addition, furthermore — to add a similar idea.

however, but, although, on the other hand, nevertheless.

because, since, as — they introduce WHY something happens.

so, therefore, as a result, consequently — the effect of something.

first, then, after that, meanwhile, finally.

for example, for instance, such as.

in conclusion, to sum up, overall, all in all.

The quality of a text whose ideas are clearly linked and flow smoothly from one to the next.

'because' introduces the CAUSE (the reason); 'so' introduces the RESULT (the consequence).

Use a REFERENCE word: a pronoun (it, they, them) or a demonstrative (this, that, these, those).

It is monotonous and low-scoring; a RANGE of connectors lifts Criterion A (Language).

'it' refers back to 'the plan' — a reference word that avoids repeating the noun.

Criterion A (Language) — a range of connectors used accurately.

Write the ideas first, then add one connector between each pair and a pronoun for every repeated noun.

the level of formality of language, chosen to suit the reader and situation

distant, careful language: no contractions, precise/Latinate words, polite structures

close, relaxed language: contractions, everyday words, slang, a friendly tone

a middle level — clear and polite but not stiff (a notice, a report, instructions)

a shortened form (can't, I'm, won't) — typical of informal English

verb + particle (put off, find out) — usually less formal than a single-word verb

Dear Ms Carter, … Yours sincerely, / Kind regards,

Hi Sam! / Hey! … Cheers! / See you soon!

"I would be grateful if you could postpone the meeting."

"I'm just writing to ask if you can help out."

Greeting/sign-off, contractions, word choice (everyday vs Latinate), phrasal vs single-word verbs, request shape.

The reader and the text type stated in the task (letter to a company = formal; message to a friend = informal).

Mixing registers — e.g. a formal "Dear Sir or Madam" closed with a slangy "Cheers!".

Criterion C (conceptual understanding) — right register, greeting and sign-off for the text type, kept consistent.

In my view… · I believe that… · It seems to me that… (also: Personally, I think… / As far as I'm concerned…)

A claim (your view) PLUS a reason that supports it (because / since / as).

because, since, as, given that, the reason is that…

for example, for instance, such as, take … (as an example).

I tend to think… / I'd say… / It could be argued that… — leaves room for other views.

I'm convinced that… / There's no doubt that… / I firmly believe that…

Admittedly / It is true that… , however / nevertheless… — name a counter-point, then rebut it.

'agree' is a verb, not an adjective — say 'I agree' (with you / that…), never 'I'm agree'.

A that-clause: 'It seems to me that the plan won't work' — don't drop the 'that'.

I see your point, but… / I'm not convinced that… / On the contrary,…

It's an opinion with no reason — justify it: '…because it raises rents so locals can't afford to stay.'

Opinion phrase → reason → example → concede-and-counter → restate.

Repeating 'I think' caps Criterion A; rotating the verb shows range of language.

Persuasive/discursive writing, the individual oral, and reacting to any reading or listening text.