AO3Synthesis & Evaluation
IB Command Term: Compare and Contrast
What does "Compare and Contrast" mean in IB exams? Learn how to structure your answer with similarities AND differences for full marks.
IB Definition
"Give an account of similarities AND differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout."
Marks: 4–6 marksAssessment Objective: Objective 3
What You Need to Do
State both SIMILARITIES and DIFFERENCES. Refer to both items in each point.
How to Structure Your Answer
- 1Brief intro identifying the two items being compared
- 2Similarities (2–3 points, mentioning BOTH items in each)
- 3Differences (2–3 points, mentioning BOTH items in each)
- 4Brief concluding statement summarising the key distinction
Example Exam Questions
- “Compare and contrast the carbon and nitrogen cycles.”
- “Compare and contrast two methods of energy production.”
- “Compare and contrast the marketing mix of two named businesses.”
- “Compare and contrast fiscal and monetary policy.”
Common Mistakes
- ✗Only discussing similarities OR differences (need BOTH)
- ✗Describing each item separately instead of comparing them directly
- ✗Not mentioning both items in each comparison point
- ✗Using vague comparative language instead of specific points
Examiner Tip
Must include BOTH similarities AND differences. Refer to both items throughout.
Where This Term Appears
ESSHighBusiness ManagementMediumEconomicsMedium