Pulse rates at Higher Level: The same statement as SL. HL papers ask you to describe the method in full, and pair it with heart-rate data in the cardiac cycle.
Practise this as you read
- Describe how a student could measure heart rate.
- Suggest an advantage of a digital monitor over counting by hand.
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The big idea: Each pulse is the artery wall stretching as a surge of blood passes after one heartbeat, so counting pulses gives the heart rate.
The points to remember
- Feel the radial artery (wrist, thumb side) or the carotid artery (neck, beside the windpipe).
- Use two fingertips, pressing lightly, never the thumb: it has a pulse of its own.
- Count for a set time and give the rate in beats per minute: 15 s count × 4, or count for 60 s.
- Pulses are felt in arteries, not veins: veins carry blood at low pressure, with no surge.
Remember it as: Two fingers, one minute, beats per minute.
Real example: a hospital ward. On a ward, nurses count a patient's radial pulse for a full minute when the beat is irregular, because a short count multiplied up can miss the pauses.
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Traditional or digital?: Heart rate can be counted by hand or read from a digital monitor: a finger clip, a smartwatch or a chest strap.
Counting by hand
- No equipment needed
- Counting a whole minute uses more data: a miscount matters less, and the rate can change during the minute
- Short counts (15 s × 4) multiply any error by 4
- You can miscount or lose the pulse
Digital monitor
- Objective: no human counting, no miscounting
- Gives continuous readings, so patterns show
- Its sensor picks up weak pulses
- Must fit firmly and work correctly
The points to remember
- Repeat the measurement and take a mean for a more reliable value.
- Measure under the same conditions: same position, same time after exercise.
Trap: 'It is more accurate' scores nothing on its own. Say why: more data, errors magnified less, or no human counting.
How it is asked: Expect 'describe how to measure heart rate', or two methods to compare: why one count is more accurate, or what a digital monitor adds.
IB-style questionDescribe[2 marks]
Describe how a student could measure the heart rate of a classmate.
Model answer plan
See the answer broken into clear points, with guidance on how each point earns marks.