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NotesSpanish BTopic 3.4Comparatives
Back to Spanish B Topics
3.4.43 min read

Comparatives

IB Spanish B • Unit 3

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Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
Comparatives: A comparative (un comparativo) lets you say one thing is more, less or the same as another: «Madrid es más grande que Sevilla» (Madrid is bigger than Seville). The superlative goes one step further to the most / the least: «Madrid es la más grande de España» (Madrid is the biggest in Spain). This micro covers all three: more than, less than, and as … as.
el comparativo
comparative — compares two things (más/menos/tan)
el superlativo
superlative — the most/least of a group («el más … de»)
más … que
more … than — superiority: «más alto que»
menos … que
less … than — inferiority: «menos caro que»
tan … como
as … as — equality of a quality: «tan alto como»
tanto … como
as much/many … as — equality of a quantity: «tantos libros como»
Why they matter: Comparatives let you give opinions and reasons — a key skill in the speaking and writing tasks. «Prefiero el cine porque es más interesante que la tele» sounds far stronger than a flat statement, and shows the examiner you can build an argument.
More, less, the same — and the irregulars: Build a comparative around an adjective: más / menos + adjective + que for more/less than, and tan + adjective + como for as … as. To compare a quantity of nouns use tanto/tanta/tantos/tantas + noun + como. A handful of adjectives are irregular. The superlative is el / la / los / las + más (or menos) + adjective + de.
EstructuraSignificadoEjemplo
más + adj + quemore … thanmás alto que (taller than)
menos + adj + queless … thanmenos caro que (cheaper than)
tan + adj + comoas … as (quality)tan alto como (as tall as)
tanto/-a/-os/-as + nombre + comoas much/many … as (quantity)tantos libros como (as many books as)
el/la más + adj + dethe most … of/inel más alto de la clase (the tallest in the class)

Comparativos irregulares

  • bueno (good) → mejor (better) — «Este libro es mejor que ese.»
  • malo (bad) → peor (worse) — «Hoy el tiempo es peor que ayer.»
  • grande (big / older) → mayor (bigger / older) — «Mi hermana es mayor que yo.»
  • pequeño (small / younger) → menor (smaller / younger) — «Soy menor que mi primo.»
Use the irregular, not «más + …»: With these four, don't say «más bueno» or «más malo». Use the single irregular word: mejor, peor, mayor, menor — already meaning better/worse/older/younger — followed by que: «Es mejor que el otro», never «más mejor que».

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What they're for: Reach for a comparative whenever you weigh two things against each other or pick out the best/worst of a group. Here are the everyday jobs they do, each with a Spanish example. Notice when you need que (more/less/irregular) and when you need como (equality).

Usos de los comparativos

  • More than — «El tren es más rápido que el autobús.» (The train is faster than the bus.)
  • Less than — «Esta camisa es menos cara que la otra.» (This shirt is cheaper than the other one.)
  • As … as (equality) — «Soy tan trabajador como mi compañero.» (I'm as hard-working as my classmate.)
  • As much/many as — «Tengo tantos amigos como tú.» (I have as many friends as you.)
  • The most / least — «Es el más interesante de todos los libros.» (It's the most interesting of all the books.)
«que» for more/less, «como» for equal: Keep the two words apart: más / menos (and the irregulars) always pair with que; tan / tanto (equality) always pair with como. «Más alto que», but «tan alto como». For superlatives, the group after the most takes de: «el mejor de la clase».
A comparison, sentence by sentence: Here's a short paragraph comparing two brothers, built one sentence at a time. Spot each structure: más/menos … que, tan/tanto … como, the irregulars mejor/peor, and a superlative. Read it for the meaning, then tap Ver traducción for the English or 🔊 to hear it.

Los comparativos en acción

Una comparación, frase a frase

  1. Mi hermano Pablo es más alto que yo, pero yo soy más rápido que él.
  2. Él estudia tanto como yo, así que somos igual de aplicados.
  3. En el deporte, Pablo es mejor que yo: juega al fútbol fenomenal.
  4. Sin embargo, yo cocino peor que él, porque tengo menos paciencia que mi hermano.
  5. En resumen, Pablo es el más deportista de la familia y yo soy el más tranquilo.
Steal this for your writing: Notice the mix: más … que for differences, tan / tanto … como for things that are equal, an irregular (mejor/peor) and a superlative to round off. Stack two or three of these and your answer instantly sounds more developed.

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The slips to watch for: Three slips dominate: writing «más bueno» instead of the irregular mejor, doubling up as «más mejor», and using «que» for equality where you need «como». Compare the right version with the typical mistake and the fix becomes obvious.

Correcto

  • Este libro es mejor que ese.
  • Mi nota es peor que la tuya.
  • Soy tan alto como mi hermano.

Error común

  • Este libro es más bueno que ese.
  • Mi nota es más peor que la tuya.
  • Soy tan alto que mi hermano.
Irregulars solo, «como» for equal: Two quick checks: with bueno/malo/grande/pequeño use the single word mejor/peor/mayor/menor alone — never «más mejor». And if the idea is equal, the partner of tan/tanto is always como, never «que».

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Corrige el error del comparativo: «Este coche es más bueno que ese.» y «Soy tan rápido que mi amigo.» Escribe la versión correcta. [2 marks]

Related Spanish B Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

3.1.1Present regular
3.1.2Present irregular
3.1.3Ser vs Estar
3.1.4Gustar-type verbs
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