Object pronouns: Object pronouns (los pronombres de objeto) are short words that replace a noun so you don't keep repeating it. Instead of «Compro el libro» → «Veo el libro», you say «Compro el libro» → «Lo veo». There are two sets: the direct object (the thing or person directly receiving the action — what? or whom?) and the indirect object (the person to / for whom something is done).
- el pronombre de objeto
- object pronoun — replaces a noun already mentioned
- el objeto directo (OD)
- direct object — what or whom the action falls on (lo, la, los, las)
- el objeto indirecto (OI)
- indirect object — to/for whom the action is done (le, les)
- la colocación
- placement — where the pronoun goes relative to the verb
- conjugado
- conjugated — a verb already changed for its subject (e.g. veo, comes)
- el infinitivo
- infinitive — the unconjugated -ar/-er/-ir form (ver, comer)
Why they matter: Good answers in the speaking and writing tasks avoid repeating the same noun. If you've already said «el problema», follow it with «lo resuelvo» instead of «resuelvo el problema» again. Examiners reward this natural flow.
Two sets, plus where they go: There are two sets of pronouns. The direct and indirect sets share the first persons (me, te, nos, os) and differ only in the third person (lo/la/los/las vs le/les). Then learn the placement rule: a pronoun goes before a conjugated verb, or attached to the end of an infinitive, gerund or affirmative command.
| Persona | Objeto directo (OD) | Objeto indirecto (OI) |
|---|---|---|
| me (me) | me | me |
| te (you) | te | te |
| él / ella / usted | lo / la | le |
| nos (us) | nos | nos |
| os (you-all) | os | os |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | los / las | les |
Dónde se coloca el pronombre
- Before a conjugated verb — «Lo veo.» (I see it.)
- Attached to an infinitive — «Voy a verlo.» (I'm going to see it.)
- Attached to a gerund — «Estoy viéndolo.» (I'm watching it.) — note the added tilde.
- Attached to an affirmative command — «¡Miralo!» (Look at it!) — written «míralo» with a tilde.
- Both pronouns together: indirect before direct — «Me lo das.» (You give it to me.)
- le / les + lo/la/los/las → «se»: «Se lo doy.» (I give it to him), never «le lo».
Indirect before direct, le/les → se: When two pronouns meet, the order is indirect then direct («te lo», «nos la»). And if both would be third person — le/les followed by lo/la/los/las — the indirect one turns into «se»: «le lo doy» is impossible, it becomes «se lo doy».
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What they're for: Object pronouns earn their keep when a noun is already clear from context — you've just said it, or your listener can tell what you mean. They make answers shorter and more natural. Here are the everyday jobs they do, each with a Spanish example.
Usos de los pronombres de objeto
- Avoiding repetition — «¿Tienes el dinero? Sí, lo tengo.» (Do you have the money? Yes, I have it.)
- Answering a yes/no question — «¿Lo tienes?» → «Sí, lo tengo.» (Have you got it? Yes, I have.)
- Naming who benefits (indirect) — «Le doy un regalo a mi madre.» (I give my mother a present.)
- Replacing people as direct object — «¿Ves a Marta? Sí, la veo.» (Do you see Marta? Yes, I see her.)
- Both at once — «¿Me prestas tu boli? Sí, te lo presto.» (Will you lend me your pen? Yes, I'll lend it to you.)
Match the gender and number: A direct pronoun must agree with its noun: lo (masc. sing.), la (fem. sing.), los / las (plural). So «el libro» → «lo», «la mesa» → «la», «los libros» → «los». The indirect «le / les» don't change for gender.
A dialogue, line by line: Here's a short conversation built one exchange at a time. Watch how each reply replaces the noun with a pronoun — before the verb, or attached to an infinitive/command. Read it for the meaning, then tap Ver traducción for the English or 🔊 to hear it.
Los pronombres en acción
Un diálogo, línea a línea
- —¿Compras el regalo para tu madre? —Sí, lo compro mañana.
- —¿Y le escribes una carta también? —Sí, le escribo una carta cada año.
- —¿Le das el regalo y la carta el domingo? —Claro, se los doy en la cena.
- —¿Quieres ayudarme a envolverlos? —Sí, voy a ayudarte ahora mismo.
- —Entonces, ¡llámame cuando termines! —Vale, te llamo en una hora.
Steal this for your speaking: Notice the rhythm: a question names the noun, the answer replaces it with lo / la / le / se. In a role-play, once you've mentioned something, switch to a pronoun — «Sí, lo hago», «Claro, te lo mando» — and you sound far more fluent.
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The slips to watch for: Most pronoun mistakes are about order and placement: putting the direct pronoun before the indirect one, forgetting that le/les → se, or placing the pronoun after a conjugated verb. Compare the right version with the typical mistake and the fix becomes obvious.
Correcto
- Te lo doy mañana.
- Se lo digo a Juan.
- Lo veo todos los días.
Error común
- Lo te doy mañana.
- Le lo digo a Juan.
- Veo lo todos los días.
Before / order / se: Run a quick three-point check: is the pronoun before the conjugated verb? Is it indirect then direct? And if you have le/les + lo/la, did you change the indirect one to «se»? Get these three right and your pronouns will be correct.