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Three explanations of attraction?
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All Flashcards in Topic 3.3
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3.3.110 cards
Three explanations of attraction?
Biological (bonding/evolution), cognitive (perceptions/attributions), sociocultural (proximity/norms).
What is the proximity effect?
We tend to like people we see and interact with often.
How does similarity affect attraction?
We tend to be drawn to people who seem similar to us in attitudes and background.
Cognitive explanation of relationships?
Perceived similarity, positive attributions, and beliefs about the relationship.
Sociocultural explanation of relationships?
Proximity, familiarity, similarity, and cultural norms (e.g. arranged vs individual choice).
One strength of the sociocultural explanation?
It explains cultural variation, such as arranged versus individual-choice relationships.
One limitation of the cognitive explanation?
Thoughts are hard to measure and may be cause or effect of closeness.
Why avoid assuming one relationship 'norm'?
Relationship practices vary by culture; assuming one is universal is ethnocentric.
What is the most defensible view of relationships?
An integrative view where biological, cognitive and social factors interact.
Which concept do multiple explanations link to?
Perspective — each approach explains part of attraction.
3.3.210 cards
How does being in a group change behaviour?
Through conformity, the bystander effect (diffused responsibility), and group identity.
What is the bystander effect?
The more people present, the less likely any one person helps.
What is diffusion of responsibility?
Each person feels less personally responsible when others are present.
How do you overcome the bystander effect?
Make a direct, personal request to a specific individual.
What is deindividuation?
Losing self-awareness in a crowd, which can increase antisocial behaviour.
How does conformity link to bias?
Group pressure can distort an individual's judgement.
How does the bystander effect link to responsibility?
Groups can dilute a person's sense of personal responsibility.
One limitation of group-behaviour research?
Some classic studies were artificial or ethically questionable; effects vary.
Are group effects guaranteed?
No — people resist conformity and help despite the bystander effect.
Which studies are banned for practicals?
Conformity and obedience studies, for ethical reasons.
Topic 3.3 study notes
Full notes & explanations for Human relationships
Psychology exam skills
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