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What is attachment?
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All Flashcards in Topic 3.2
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3.2.110 cards
What is attachment?
A strong emotional bond between an infant and their main caregiver.
What is a secure attachment?
Using the caregiver as a safe base — linked to sensitive, responsive caregiving.
What is an insecure attachment?
Anxious or avoidant patterns, often from inconsistent or unresponsive care.
Biological explanation of attachment?
An innate drive to bond with a caregiver for survival.
Cognitive explanation of attachment?
An internal 'working model' of relationships that guides later expectations.
Sociocultural explanation of attachment?
Caregiving norms and what counts as 'good' attachment vary by culture.
Why is attachment not fully deterministic?
Later relationships and experiences can change a person's patterns.
One limitation of attachment research?
Often correlational, risks over-determinism, and may reflect cultural bias.
What is a working model?
An internal cognitive template of relationships built from early attachment.
Which concept does attachment link to?
Change — the early self shapes the later self, but development stays open.
3.2.210 cards
Three influences on development?
Biological maturation, cognitive development, and sociocultural factors (peers, culture).
What is biological maturation?
The brain and body developing on a rough biological timetable.
What is cognitive development?
Thinking becoming more complex with age and experience.
How do sociocultural factors influence development?
Through enculturation, social learning from role models, and social norms.
When does peer influence peak?
In adolescence, as young people seek independence.
Why is nature vs nurture a false choice?
Genes and environment continually interact rather than acting alone.
One limitation of a purely biological view?
It underplays how experience (plasticity) shapes the brain.
One limitation of a purely sociocultural view?
Social influences are hard to isolate from biology and vary by culture.
What is the most defensible view of development?
An integrative, biopsychosocial view — the influences interact.
Which concept do multiple influences link to?
Perspective — each approach highlights a different influence.
Topic 3.2 study notes
Full notes & explanations for Human development
Psychology exam skills
Paper structures, command terms & tips
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