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Flip to reveal answersWhy are animals sometimes used in research?
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All 10 Flashcards — Ethics in animal research
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Question
Why are animals sometimes used in research?
Answer
To control conditions and study processes that would be impossible or unethical in humans.
Question
What are the 3Rs?
Answer
Replace (non-animal methods), Reduce (fewest animals), Refine (minimise suffering).
Question
What does 'Replace' mean?
Answer
Use non-animal methods — models, cell studies, human scans — wherever possible.
Question
What does 'Reduce' mean?
Answer
Use the smallest number of animals that still gives valid results.
Question
What does 'Refine' mean?
Answer
Adjust procedures to minimise pain and distress (housing, pain relief, humane handling).
Question
What is the cost-benefit test?
Answer
Benefits must clearly outweigh the animals' suffering, with ethics-committee approval.
Question
Why can't animals consent?
Answer
They cannot understand or agree, so responsibility falls entirely on the researchers.
Question
One argument for animal research?
Answer
It can reveal mechanisms that would be impossible or unethical to study in humans.
Question
One argument against animal research?
Answer
Animals cannot consent and can suffer, so their use must be strictly limited.
Question
Which concept is this?
Answer
Responsibility — one of the six core concepts.
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Full study notes for Ethics in animal research
Topic 1.6 hub
Responsibility
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