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NotesPhilosophyTopic 1.2Relations with others
Back to Philosophy Topics
1.2.53 min read

Relations with others

IB Philosophy · Unit 1

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Contents

  1. 1You are made of your relationships
  2. 2Four ways others shape you
  3. 3So what IS the self, then?
The big idea: Picture removing every relationship from your life: everyone who raised you, taught you, hurt you, loved you.
What's left?: Not a purer, truer you — almost nothing recognisable. That's the clue this micro follows: you aren't a sealed individual who happens to meet others; you're partly made of them.

We can trace this across four kinds of relation to others — biological, social, psychological and spiritual — that together build the self.

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Lay the four relations side by side to see how deep the shaping goes.

Four relations to others

1

Biological

You literally came from others — born, fed, kept alive by them. No one is self-made from scratch.

2

Social

Your language, manners and roles are handed to you by a group. You think in words others taught you.

3

Psychological

How you feel about yourself grows from how others treated you — praise, blame, love, neglect.

4

Spiritual

Meaning, belonging and purpose usually come through others — a faith, a cause, people you'd live and die for.

Body · Society · Mind · Spirit

Checkpoint — the four relations: In one line: others shape you bodily, socially, in your mind, and in what you find meaningful. Hold that — the next step asks what it means for the self if all four run so deep.

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If every layer of you is threaded with others, the tidy picture of a sealed individual starts to look false.

Go further — higher-level insight: Handle the freedom objection carefully — it's the strongest one. Yes, you can rebel against your upbringing and remake yourself. But notice how you rebel:

You rebel through others

  • In a language others gave you
  • Using ideas you got from others
  • Often to join a different group
The top-band move: So relationships don't cancel your freedom — your freedom is exercised through them. Saying that, rather than choosing 'made by others' OR 'free', is the top-band move.
Checkpoint — the upshot: In one line: the self isn't sealed and then social — it's partly built out of its relationships all the way down. That sets up the final micro: the fully relational self.

IB Exam Questions on Relations with others

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How Relations with others Appears in IB Exams

Examiners use specific command terms when asking about this topic. Here's what to expect:

  • Define

    Give the precise meaning of key terms related to Relations with others.

    AO1
  • Describe

    Give a detailed account of processes or features in Relations with others.

    AO2
  • Explain

    Give reasons WHY — cause and effect within Relations with others.

    AO3
  • Evaluate

    Weigh strengths AND limitations of approaches in Relations with others.

    AO3
  • Discuss

    Present arguments FOR and AGAINST with a balanced conclusion.

    AO3

See the full IB Command Terms guide

Related Philosophy Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

1.1.1What is identity?1.1.2Personal identity1.1.3Identity over time1.1.4Memory and psychological continuity
View all Philosophy topics
Improve your exam techniqueCommand terms, paper structure, and mark-scheme tips for Philosophy
Previous1.2.4IntersubjectivityNextThe relational self1.2.6

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