Back to Topic 4.19 — Markov chains (HL only)
4.19.1Math AI HL8 flashcards

Transition matrices

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Card 1 of 84.19.1
4.19.1
Question

What does entry (row i, column j) of a transition matrix mean?

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All 8 Flashcards — Transition matrices

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Card 1concept

Question

What does entry (row i, column j) of a transition matrix mean?

Answer

The probability of moving FROM state j INTO state i in one step.

Card 2concept

Question

Why do the columns of a transition matrix sum to 1?

Answer

Everyone who starts in that state (column) must end up in some state, so the probabilities over all destinations total 1.

Card 3formula

Question

How do you step a Markov chain forward one period?

Answer

Multiply the transition matrix by the current state vector: s₁ = T s₀.

Card 4formula

Question

State vector after n steps?

Answer

sₙ = Tⁿ s₀ — raise T to the power n, then multiply by the start vector.

Card 5concept

Question

How do you turn '70% of A return to A, 30% switch to B' into a matrix?

Answer

Column A is 0.7 in the A-row and 0.3 in the B-row (column = where you start, row = where you end).

Card 6concept

Question

On the GDC, how do you get the population after n weeks?

Answer

Store T and s₀, then compute T^n and the product T^n × s₀.

Card 7concept

Question

Is a transition matrix usually symmetric?

Answer

No — the chance of A→B need not equal B→A, so it is generally not symmetric.

Card 8concept

Question

After computing sₙ, what extra step earns marks in AI HL?

Answer

Interpret the numbers IN CONTEXT — say which group/café/patch they describe and round sensibly.

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