aimnova.
DashboardMy LearningPaper MasteryStudy Plan

Stay in the loop

Study tips, product updates, and early access to new features.

aimnova.

AI-powered IB study platform with personalised plans, instant feedback, and examiner-style marking.

IB Subjects
  • All IB Subjects
  • IB Diploma
  • IB ESS
  • IB Economics
  • IB Business Management
  • IB Math AI
  • IB Math AA
  • IB Physics
  • IB Biology
  • IB Chemistry
  • IB Geography
  • IB Spanish B
  • IB German B
  • IB Italian B
  • IB French B
  • IB English B
Question Banks
  • ESS Question Bank
  • Economics Question Bank
  • Business Management Question Bank
  • Math AI Question Bank
  • Math AA Question Bank
  • Physics Question Bank
  • Biology Question Bank
  • Chemistry Question Bank
  • Geography Question Bank
  • Spanish B Question Bank
  • German B Question Bank
  • Italian B Question Bank
  • French B Question Bank
  • English B Question Bank
Predicted Topics 2026
  • ESS Predictions 2026
  • Economics Predictions 2026
  • Business Management Predictions 2026
  • Math AI Predictions 2026
  • Math AA Predictions 2026
  • Physics Predictions 2026
  • Biology Predictions 2026
  • Chemistry Predictions 2026
  • Geography Predictions 2026
  • Spanish B Predictions 2026
  • German B Predictions 2026
  • Italian B Predictions 2026
  • French B Predictions 2026
  • English B Predictions 2026

Study Resources

  • Free Study Notes
  • Mock Exams
  • Revision Guide
  • Flashcards
  • Exam Skills
  • Command Terms
  • Past Paper Feedback
  • Grade Calculator
  • Exam Timetable 2026

Company

  • Features
  • Pricing
  • About Us
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • Terms
  • Privacy
  • Cookies

© 2026 Aimnova. All rights reserved.

Made with 💜 for IB students worldwide

v0.1.1484
NotesItalian BTopic 3.3The passive & si passivante
Back to Italian B Topics
3.3.34 min read

The passive & si passivante

IB Italian B • Unit 3

Smart study tools

Turn reading into results

Move beyond passive notes. Answer real exam questions, get AI feedback, and build the skills that earn top marks.

Get Started Free

Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
Turning the sentence around: The passive voice (il passivo) moves the focus from who does the action to what is done — and to the thing it is done to. In the active sentence «Il sindaco inaugura la biblioteca» (the mayor inaugurates the library), the mayor is the subject. In the passive «La biblioteca è inaugurata dal sindaco» (the library is inaugurated by the mayor), the object becomes the subject and the doer, if named at all, follows «da». Italian builds it with essere + participio passato, and the participle must agree with the new subject.
il passivo (la forma passiva)
the passive voice — the object of the active verb becomes the subject
il participio passato
the past participle — parlato, venduto, finito; it agrees like an adjective in the passive
essere + participio
the standard passive (è inaugurata, sono stati venduti) — essere carries the tense
venire + participio
an alternative passive for actions/processes (viene aperta, vengono chiuse)
«da» + agente
«by» + the doer — added only if you want to name who does the action (dal sindaco)
il si passivante
«si» + a 3rd-person verb — an impersonal passive («si vendono biglietti» = tickets are sold)
Why it earns marks: A well-placed passive is a mark of range — exactly what Criterion A (Language) rewards. Reports, news items and formal texts (Paper 1 and Paper 2) lean on it: «è stato deciso che…», «si consiglia di…». Two things score the marks: the right form of essere/venire for the tense, and agreement of the participle with the subject.
essere / venire + participle (that agrees): Build the passive with essere (or venire) conjugated for the tense plus the past participle, which agrees in gender and number with the subject — -o / -a / -i / -e. Essere works in any tense; venire replaces it only in simple tenses (present, imperfect, future) and stresses the action. Add «da» + the agent only when you want to say who does it.
Tenseessere passive (m. sing. subject)with venire / with «da»
PresenteLa lettera è scritta.La lettera viene scritta (dal direttore).
Passato prossimoLa lettera è stata scritta.(venire not used in compound tenses)
ImperfettoLa lettera era scritta.La lettera veniva scritta ogni giorno.
FuturoLa lettera sarà scritta.La lettera verrà scritta domani.
Agreement (plural/fem.)Le lettere sono state scritte.I libri vengono venduti.
The si passivante — the shortcut: When the doer is general or unknown («people», «you», «one»), Italian prefers «si» + the verb in the 3rd person, agreeing with the noun: «Si vende una casa» (a house is for sale) but «Si vendono biglietti» (tickets are sold — plural noun → plural verb). Think of it as «a house sells itself» / «tickets sell themselves». It carries the same meaning as «Le case sono vendute» but is shorter and more natural for signs, notices and generalisations.

Stop wasting time on topics you know

Our AI identifies your weak areas and focuses your study time where it matters. No more overstudying easy topics.

Try Smart Study Free7-day free trial • No card required
When the doer doesn't matter (or you don't know it): Use the passive when the action or the result matters more than who did it, or when the doer is obvious, unknown or general. It gives writing a formal, impersonal, report-like tone — perfect for news, notices, rules and instructions. If you do want to name the doer, add «da» + agent; if you don't, simply leave it out or use the si passivante.

Typical uses

  • The doer is unknown or unimportant — «La finestra è stata rotta.» (The window has been broken.)
  • News and reports — «Il museo verrà restaurato l'anno prossimo.» (The museum will be restored next year.)
  • Rules, notices, signs — «Qui si parla italiano.» / «Non si fuma.» (Italian is spoken here. / No smoking.)
  • Generalisations (si passivante) — «In Italia si mangia bene.» (In Italy people eat well / one eats well.)
  • Naming the doer for emphasis — «Il romanzo è stato scritto da una giovane autrice.» (The novel was written by a young author.)
essere vs venire vs si: All three make a passive, but the feel differs: essere is the neutral all-purpose passive; venire highlights the action as it unfolds (a rule, a process) and only in simple tenses; the si passivante is the impersonal choice when the doer is «people in general». Pick the one that matches the tone of your text type.
A news item told in the passive: Here is a short news-style paragraph built one sentence at a time. Watch the passive at work: essere + participle with agreement, «da» + agent, venire for the daily process, and the si passivante for the general remark. Read it once for meaning, then tap Mostra traduzione for the English or 🔊 to hear it.

IB-style task — il passivo in azione

Una notizia, frase dopo frase

  1. La nuova biblioteca comunale è stata inaugurata ieri dal sindaco.
  2. L'edificio è stato progettato da un giovane architetto della città.
  3. Ogni giorno vengono aperte le sale alle nove e chiuse alle otto di sera.
  4. In biblioteca si leggono molti libri e si consultano vecchi giornali.
  5. Si dice che il progetto sia costato poco: qui il denaro pubblico si usa bene.
Steal this for a report: For a formal report or news article, reach for these patterns: «è stato/a + participio», «viene/vengono + participio», «si + verbo». Swap in your own topic (an event, a decision, a rule) and you have a ready-made, high-level formal register that lifts Criterion A and Criterion C.

See how examiners mark answers

Access past paper questions with model answers. Learn exactly what earns marks and what doesn't.

Try Exam Vault Free7-day free trial • No card required
The slips to watch for: Three mistakes dominate: forgetting to make the participle agree with the subject («le case sono costruito» instead of costruite), using «di» instead of «da» for the doer («scritto di Dante» instead of da Dante), and not making the si passivante verb plural with a plural noun («si vende biglietti» instead of si vendono biglietti). Compare each right version with the typical mistake.

Corretto

  • Le case sono state costruite nel 1990.
  • Il libro è stato scritto da Calvino.
  • Alla stazione si vendono i biglietti.

Errore frequente

  • Le case sono costruito nel 1990.
  • Il libro è stato scritto di Calvino.
  • Alla stazione si vende i biglietti.
Ask: does it agree, and is «da» right?: Before you write a passive, run two checks. 1. Make the participle agree with the subject (-o/-a/-i/-e), and in compound tenses agree «stato/a/i/e» too. 2. If you name the doer, use «da» (da + il = dal, da + la = dalla), never «di». For the si passivante, match the verb to the noun: singular noun → singular verb, plural noun → plural verb.

Try an IB Exam Question — Free AI Feedback

Test yourself on The passive & si passivante. Write your answer and get instant AI feedback — just like a real IB examiner.

Correggi l'errore passivo in queste frasi: «Le mele sono comprato al mercato.» e «Il quadro è dipinto di un artista.» Scrivi la versione corretta. [2 marks]

Related Italian B Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

3.1.1Present tense (regular verbs)
3.1.2Irregular present verbs
3.1.3Reflexive verbs
3.1.4Modal verbs
View all Italian B topics

Improve your exam technique

Command terms, paper structure, and mark-scheme tips for Italian B

Previous
3.3.2The subjunctive (congiuntivo)
Next
Object pronouns3.3.4

15 exam-style questions ready for you

Students who practice on Aimnova improve their scores by 15% on average. Get instant feedback that shows exactly how to improve your answers.

Practice Now — FreeView All Italian B Topics