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v0.1.1484
NotesItalian BTopic 3.1Irregular present verbs
Back to Italian B Topics
3.1.24 min read

Irregular present verbs

IB Italian B • Unit 3

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Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
Verbs that break the pattern: Regular Italian verbs follow one neat set of endings, but the most common verbs of all are irregular (i verbi irregolari). An irregular verb does not simply take the stem and add the usual endings — its stem changes or the whole form is unpredictable. essere → io sono, avere → io ho, andare → io vado, fare → io faccio. You cannot guess these — you learn them, and because they appear in almost every sentence, they are the ones worth memorising first.
il verbo irregolare
the irregular verb — one whose present forms don't follow the regular pattern
essere
to be — sono, sei, è, siamo, siete, sono
avere
to have — ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno
andare
to go — vado, vai, va, andiamo, andate, vanno
fare
to do/make — faccio, fai, fa, facciamo, fate, fanno
i verbi in -isc-
-ire verbs that insert -isc- (capire → capisco, finire → finisco, preferire → preferisco)
Why they carry the marks: essere and avere alone appear in a huge share of every reading text, listening clip and written answer — and they're also the auxiliaries for the perfect tense you'll meet later. Getting io ho / lui ha or io sono / lei è right is basic Criterion A (Language) accuracy that examiners spot instantly. Master the top handful of irregulars and your Italian sounds natural at once.
The high-frequency irregulars: Learn these four first — they turn up everywhere. essere (to be) and avere (to have) are completely irregular; andare (to go) and fare (to do/make) keep the endings but change the stem. Notice ho, hai, ha, hanno are written with a silent h (you don't hear it, but you must write it), and the loro form of these verbs ends in -nno: sono, hanno, vanno, fanno.
Personessere (to be)avere (to have)andare (to go)fare (to do)
iosonohovadofaccio
tuseihaivaifai
lui / leièhavafa
noisiamoabbiamoandiamofacciamo
voisieteaveteandatefate
lorosonohannovannofanno
More everyday irregulars: A few more you'll use constantly, shown in the io and loro forms:

stare (to stay/be) → sto … stanno; dare (to give) → do … danno; venire (to come) → vengo … vengono; uscire (to go out) → esco … escono; dire (to say) → dico … dicono; bere (to drink) → bevo … bevono. And the -isc- group: an -ire verb like capire inserts -isc- in four persons → capisco, capisci, capisce, capiamo, capite, capiscono (only noi/voi have no -isc-).

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The jobs these verbs do: Irregular verbs cover the same present-tense jobs as regular ones — habits, facts, what's happening now, even the near future with a time word — but they also do special jobs. essere describes identity and states (Sono studente, È stanca); avere shows possession and age and physical sensations (Ho fame, Ho vent'anni); the modals potere / volere / dovere (can / want / must) are followed by an infinitive (Posso venire, Devo studiare).

Uses of the key irregular verbs

  • Identity & states — «Sono italiano.» / «Marco è contento oggi.» (I am Italian. / Marco is happy today.)
  • Possession, age & sensations with avere — «Ho due fratelli.» / «Ho sedici anni.» / «Ho fame.» (I have two brothers / I'm sixteen / I'm hungry.)
  • Actions & routines — «Ogni giorno vado a scuola e faccio sport.» (Every day I go to school and do sport.)
  • Modals + infinitive — «Non posso uscire, devo finire i compiti.» (I can't go out, I must finish my homework.)
  • Near-future plans (with a time word) — «Domani vengo con te.» (Tomorrow I'm coming with you.)
«Ho fame», not «Sono fame»: Italian uses avere where English uses to be for age and physical states: «Ho fame / sete / freddo / sonno» (literally I have hunger / thirst / cold / sleepiness) and «Ho quindici anni» for age. A modal verb (potere, volere, dovere) is followed directly by the infinitive — «Voglio andare», not «Voglio vado».
A day told with irregular verbs: Here is a short everyday paragraph built one sentence at a time. Each sentence leans on irregular present verbs — watch the forms (sono, ho, vado, faccio, esco, veniamo, posso, devo, voglio, preferisco, dico, sto). Read it once for meaning, then tap Mostra traduzione for the English or 🔊 to hear it.

IB-style task — i verbi irregolari in azione

Una giornata, frase per frase

  1. Ciao! Sono Giulia e ho diciassette anni: durante la settimana ho una vita molto piena.
  2. La mattina vado a scuola in autobus e faccio i compiti in biblioteca prima delle lezioni.
  3. Il pomeriggio esco con le mie amiche: qualche volta veniamo al parco e giochiamo a pallavolo.
  4. Non posso uscire ogni sera, perché devo studiare, ma il venerdì voglio sempre rilassarmi un po'.
  5. Il fine settimana preferisco stare a casa: dico che il riposo è importante e sto molto meglio così.
Steal this for your routine: Notice how few verbs you actually need: essere, avere, andare, fare, uscire, venire plus the three modals potere/volere/dovere describe almost any day. Learn these forms cold, swap in your own activities, and you have a ready-made paragraph for the oral or a Paper 1 writing task.

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The slips to watch for: Three mistakes dominate with irregular verbs: inventing a regular form for an irregular verb («io ando» instead of vado, «io faso» instead of faccio), using *essere* for age or hunger («Sono sedici anni» instead of Ho sedici anni), and forgetting the silent h in ho/hai/ha/hanno («io o» instead of ho). Compare the right version with the typical mistake and the fix becomes clear.

Corretto

  • Io vado in centro e faccio la spesa.
  • Ho diciassette anni e ho molta fame.
  • Loro hanno un cane e vengono da noi.

Errore frequente

  • Io ando in centro e faso la spesa.
  • Sono diciassette anni e sono molta fame.
  • Loro anno un cane e veniono da noi.
Ask: is this verb irregular, and does it need «avere»?: Before you write a common verb, do two quick checks. 1. If it's one of the top irregulars (essere, avere, andare, fare, stare, dare, venire, uscire, dire, potere, volere, dovere, bere), recall the learned form — don't build it from a stem. 2. For age, hunger, thirst, cold, sleepiness use avere (Ho … anni / Ho fame), and remember the silent h in ho, hai, ha, hanno.

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Coniuga il verbo irregolare «essere» al presente in tutte le sei persone (io, tu, lui/lei, noi, voi, loro). [2 marks]

Related Italian B Topics

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3.1.1Present tense (regular verbs)
3.1.3Reflexive verbs
3.1.4Modal verbs
3.2.1Passato prossimo
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