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NotesItalian B HLTopic 3.2Futuro semplice
Back to Italian B HL Topics
3.2.44 min read

Futuro semplice

IB Italian B • Unit 3

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Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
Talking about what will happen: The simple future (il futuro semplice) is the tense for what will happen: plans, predictions and promises. You build it from one stem plus one fixed set of endings — the same six endings for every verb. Take the infinitive, drop the final -e, and add -ò, -ai, -à, -emo, -ete, -anno: parlare → parler- → parlerò, parlerai, parlerà… One catch: -are verbs change the a of the ending to e in the stem (parlare → parler-).
il futuro semplice
the simple future tense — 'will do'
l'infinito
the infinitive — the dictionary form (parlare, prendere, dormire)
la radice del futuro
the future stem — the infinitive minus the final -e (parler-, prender-, dormir-)
la desinenza
the ending — added to the stem (-ò, -ai, -à, -emo, -ete, -anno)
regolare / irregolare
regular / irregular — most verbs are regular; a few have a shortened stem
domani / la settimana prossima / fra un anno
tomorrow / next week / in a year — time words that signal the future
Why it carries the marks: Whenever you describe plans (your gap year, your studies, your dream trip) you need the future — in the oral, a Paper 1 email, or a reading text about someone's projects. A correct future ending and the right irregular stem are pure Criterion A (Language) accuracy. Learn the six endings once and reuse them on every verb.
One set of endings, three families: The endings -ò, -ai, -à, -emo, -ete, -anno are the same for all three verb families. Only the stem differs. For -ere and -ire verbs, drop the final -e (prendere → prender-, dormire → dormir-). For -are verbs, drop the -e and change the a to e (parlare → parler-), so you don't say «parlarò». Two spelling helpers: verbs in -care / -gare add an h to keep the hard sound (cercare → cercherò, pagare → pagherò), and verbs in -ciare / -giare drop the i (cominciare → comincerò, mangiare → mangerò).
Personparlare (parler-)prendere (prender-)dormire (dormir-)
ioparleròprenderòdormirò
tuparleraiprenderaidormirai
lui / leiparleràprenderàdormirà
noiparleremoprenderemodormiremo
voiparlereteprenderetedormirete
loroparlerannoprenderannodormiranno
Mind the accents and the double -nn-: The io form ends in a stressed -ò (parlerò) and the lui/lei form in a stressed -à (parlerà) — the accent is not optional. The loro form has a double n: parleranno, not «parleranno» with one n. And keep the -are stem change: it is parlerò, never «parlarò».

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Four jobs — including a surprising one: The futuro semplice covers plans and predictions («Domani pioverà»), promises («Ti scriverò»), and the future after «quando / appena / se» where English uses the present («Quando arriverò, ti chiamerò» = When I arrive, I'll call you). Its surprising fourth job is the futuro di probabilità: it expresses a guess about the present — «Saranno le tre» means It's probably about three, not a future time.

Uses of the simple future

  • Plans — «L'anno prossimo studierò all'università.» (Next year I will study at university.)
  • Predictions — «Secondo me, domani farà bel tempo.» (I think tomorrow the weather will be nice.)
  • Promises — «Non ti preoccupare, ti aiuterò.» (Don't worry, I will help you.)
  • After quando / appena / se — «Quando finirò la scuola, viaggerò.» (When I finish school, I will travel.)
  • Probability in the present — «Che ore sono? Saranno le sei.» (What time is it? It must be about six.)
«Quando» + future, and the present for near plans: Two habits to build. 1. After quando / appena / se about the future, Italian uses the future in BOTH halves («Quando avrò tempo, ti chiamerò») — not the present as in English. 2. For a very near, certain plan Italians often use the present instead («Domani vado a Roma») — both are correct, but the futuro is never wrong.
A 'next year' plan told in the future: Here is a short paragraph about the year ahead, built one sentence at a time. Watch the future endings on regular verbs (finirò, comincerò, vivrò, cercherò, pagherò) and the irregular stems (andare → andr-, essere → sar-, dovere → dovr-, potere → potr-, sapere → sapr-). Read it once for meaning, then tap Mostra traduzione for the English or 🔊 to hear it.

IB-style task — il futuro in azione

Un anno da progettare, frase per frase

  1. L'anno prossimo finirò la scuola e comincerò una nuova vita da studente universitario.
  2. Andrò a studiare a Bologna, dove vivrò in una piccola casa con altri due ragazzi.
  3. Il primo mese sarà difficile, ma cercherò un lavoro part-time e pagherò l'affitto da solo.
  4. Dovrò studiare molto, però nel fine settimana potrò viaggiare e conoscere gente nuova.
  5. Non so ancora tutto, ma sono sicuro di una cosa: fra tre anni saprò finalmente chi voglio diventare.
Steal this for your plans: Notice how little you need: pick high-frequency verbs, add the future ending, and you can describe a whole plan. Mix in two or three irregular stems (sarò, avrò, andrò, farò, potrò) and connectors (poi, però, quindi), and you have a ready-made 'my future' paragraph for the oral or a writing task.

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The slips to watch for: Four mistakes dominate: forgetting the a→e change in -are verbs («parlarò» instead of parlerò); dropping the spelling h in -care/-gare verbs («cercerò» instead of cercherò); using a regular stem for an irregular verb («venirò / averò» instead of verrò / avrò); and using the present after «quando» for a future action («Quando finisco, ti chiamo» where an exam wants «Quando finirò, ti chiamerò»). Compare each right version with the typical mistake and the fix becomes obvious.

Corretto

  • Domani parlerò con lei.
  • Cercherò un lavoro in estate.
  • Verrò alla festa e avrò tempo per tutti.

Errore frequente

  • Domani parlarò con lei.
  • Cercerò un lavoro in estate.
  • Venirò alla festa e averò tempo.
Ask: which family, any spelling change, is it irregular?: Before you write a future verb, do three quick checks. 1. For an -are verb, change the a→e in the stem (parlerò). 2. For -care/-gare add an h (cercherò, pagherò); for -ciare/-giare drop the i (comincerò, mangerò). 3. Is it one of the common irregulars (essere→sar-, avere→avr-, andare→andr-, fare→far-, venire→verr-, dovere→dovr-, potere→potr-, volere→vorr-, sapere→sapr-, vedere→vedr-)? If so, use the short stem.

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Completa con il futuro corretto: «In estate io ___ (cercare) un lavoro e a settembre ___ (cominciare, lei) l'università.» [2 marks]

Related Italian B HL Topics

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3.1.1Present tense (regular verbs)
3.1.2Irregular present verbs
3.1.3Reflexive verbs
3.1.4Modal verbs
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