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v0.1.1484
NotesItalian B HLTopic 3.1Modal verbs
Back to Italian B HL Topics
3.1.43 min read

Modal verbs

IB Italian B • Unit 3

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Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
Verbs that lean on another verb: A modal verb (un verbo modale) doesn't stand alone — it adds a shade of meaning to a second verb. Italian has three: dovere (must / to have to), potere (can / to be able / to be allowed) and volere (to want). The pattern is simple: conjugate the modal, then follow it with the second verb in the plain infinitive. So «devo studiare» = I have to study, «posso uscire» = I can go out, «voglio andare» = I want to go.
il verbo modale
the modal verb — dovere, potere, volere
dovere
must / to have to / to be supposed to (obligation)
potere
can / to be able / to be allowed (possibility, permission)
volere
to want / to wish (desire, intention)
l'infinito
the infinitive — the plain -are/-ere/-ire verb after the modal
sapere (+ infinito)
to know how to — «so nuotare» = I can/know how to swim (a learned skill)
Why it carries the marks: Modal verbs let you express obligation, ability, permission and intention — exactly the language a Paper 1 email or blog needs («devo», «posso», «vorrei»). Using them correctly (modal conjugated + infinitive) is core Criterion A (Language) range and accuracy: it shows more than the bare present tense.
Three irregular verbs to learn by heart: All three modals are irregular in the present, so learn the six forms of each as a block. Notice the patterns: dovere → devo, devi, deve, dobbiamo, dovete, devono; potere → posso, puoi, può, possiamo, potete, possono; volere → voglio, vuoi, vuole, vogliamo, volete, vogliono. The noi and voi forms are the most regular (-iamo / -ete).
Persondovere (must)potere (can)volere (to want)
iodevopossovoglio
tudevipuoivuoi
lui / leidevepuòvuole
noidobbiamopossiamovogliamo
voidovetepotetevolete
lorodevonopossonovogliono
Watch the tricky forms: Three forms trip students up: può always carries the accent (never «puo»); voglio / vogliono keep the -gli- sound; and devono / possono / vogliono stress the first syllable (DÈvono, not «devòno»). After any of these forms comes the plain infinitive — «Loro devono partire», «Noi possiamo aiutare».

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Each modal, its own job: Choose the modal by the meaning you want. Dovere = obligation or necessity («Devo studiare» — I have to study). Potere = ability, possibility or permission («Posso aiutarti?» — Can I help you?). Volere = desire or intention («Voglio viaggiare» — I want to travel). For a polite request use the conditional vorrei (I'd like) or potrei (I could) — softer than «voglio»/«posso».

The three modals in action

  • Dovere — obligation: «Domani devo alzarmi presto.» (Tomorrow I have to get up early.)
  • Potere — ability/permission: «Non posso venire alla festa.» (I can't come to the party.)
  • Volere — desire: «Vogliamo imparare l'italiano.» (We want to learn Italian.)
  • Polite request — «Vorrei un caffè, per favore.» (I'd like a coffee, please.)
  • Skill, use sapere: «So cucinare la pasta.» (I know how to / can cook pasta.)
«Potere» vs «sapere»: Both can translate can, but they mean different things. Potere = it's possible / allowed right now («Oggi posso nuotare — la piscina è aperta»). Sapere + infinitive = you have the learned skill («So nuotare — l'ho imparato da bambino»). Use sapere for abilities you acquired, potere for what circumstances permit.
A day planned with modal verbs: Here is a short paragraph built one sentence at a time. Each sentence pairs a conjugated modal with a plain infinitive (devo studiare, posso uscire, voglio finire, possiamo andare, devi ripassare). Read it once for meaning, then tap Mostra traduzione for the English or 🔊 to hear it.

IB-style task — i verbi modali in azione

Un pomeriggio, frase per frase

  1. Domani ho un esame importante, perciò oggi devo studiare tutto il pomeriggio.
  2. Non posso uscire con i miei amici, ma voglio finire il ripasso prima di cena.
  3. Mia sorella mi aiuta: sa spiegare la matematica molto meglio del professore.
  4. Dopo l'esame vogliamo festeggiare, così possiamo andare al cinema insieme.
  5. Se vuoi passare l'esame, devi ripassare ogni giorno un po': non puoi lasciare tutto all'ultimo.
Steal this for your writing: Notice how few patterns you need: pick the modal for the meaning (devo for musts, posso for what's possible, voglio/vorrei for wants), add a plain infinitive, and you can talk about plans, rules and wishes. Swap in your own activities and you have a ready-made paragraph for the oral or a writing task.

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The slips to watch for: Three mistakes dominate. 1. Conjugating the second verb instead of leaving it infinitive («devo studio» → devo studiare). 2. Choosing the wrong modal for the meaning (using «voglio» for an obligation). 3. Getting an irregular form wrong («puo» without the accent, «devono» written «devano»). Compare the right version with the typical slip and the fix becomes obvious.

Corretto

  • Devo finire i compiti.
  • Lui può venire con noi.
  • Vogliamo imparare l'italiano.

Errore frequente

  • Devo finisco i compiti.
  • Lui puo venire con noi.
  • Vogliamo impariamo l'italiano.
Ask: which modal, and is verb 2 an infinitive?: Before you write a modal, do two quick checks. 1. Match the modal to the meaning — obligation (dovere), ability/permission (potere), desire (volere). 2. Make sure the second verb is the plain infinitive (studiare, uscire, andare), and that the modal's irregular form is spelt right (può with the accent, voglio, devono).

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Correggi l'errore modale in queste frasi: «Voglio compro un libro nuovo.» e «Lui puo aspettare fuori.» Scrivi la versione corretta. [2 marks]

Related Italian B HL Topics

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3.1.1Present tense (regular verbs)
3.1.2Irregular present verbs
3.1.3Reflexive verbs
3.2.1Passato prossimo
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