The literary individual oral

the extract / passage

close reading / textual analysis

the analysis / interpretation

the (literary) device / figure of speech

the symbol

the metaphor

the tone

the narrative voice / narrator

the effect

to hold one's breath

Che cosa succede? (what happens) → Come è scritto? (voice, tone, devices) → Che cosa significa? (theme, effect).

Retelling says *what happens*; close reading notices *how it's written and what it suggests* — and earns the marks.

Mezzo → citazione → effetto (device → quotation → effect): name the device, quote it, explain its effect.

The last two — Come è scritto? and Che cosa significa? «Che cosa succede?» is just one sentence.

the individual oral

the literary extract (the HL oral stimulus)

the supervised preparation (~15 min)

the presentation (3–4 min)

the conversation (with the teacher)

to describe (what happens)

to interpret (what it means)

to relate (link the extract to the whole work)

the (assessment) criterion

the theme (big idea)

the narrator (the voice inside the text — not the author)

HL = a literary EXTRACT (un estratto letterario) from one of the two works studied; SL = a visual stimulus (an image) on a course theme.

1) ~15 min supervised preparation (preparazione), 2) 3–4 min presentation (presentazione), 3) conversation on the work (conversazione sull'opera), 4) broader conversation on the themes.

Out of 30: Criterio A Lingua /12, Criterio B Messaggio /12, Criterio C Interazione & abilità ricettive /6.

Describe it (descrivere — what happens), interpret it (interpretare — what it means), and relate it (collegare) to the whole work — not just summarise.

the author shows… / the scene depicts… (describing)

the narrator tells us that… (describing)

the work is about… (describing)

this suggests that… (interpreting)

it can be understood as… (interpreting)

it symbolises… / it is a metaphor for… (interpreting)

this creates a sense of… (effect / interpreting)

in my opinion… / I find that… (personal response)

what particularly strikes me is… (personal response)

I identify with … because… (justified personal response)

The literary present (il presente storico): «l'autore mostra…», «la scena rappresenta…», «Marta guarda la neve» — even though you read it in the past.

It softens/hedges an opinion: «direi che il tema è…» (I would say…) and «credo che sia…» / «si potrebbe interpretare come…» — mature, tentative.

It describes how the text is constructed without naming an agent: «La solitudine è rappresentata dalla finestra» (essere/venire + participio passato, agreeing).

It's an unjustified opinion — it earns nothing. Justify it: «trovo il romanzo commovente PERCHÉ…» / «ciò che mi colpisce di più è… perché…».