The nature of apartheid discrimination
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Question
What was apartheid?
Answer
South Africa's system of enforced racial separation and white rule from 1948 to 1994. The word is Afrikaans for apartness.
Question
When and by whom was apartheid introduced?
Answer
By the National Party after it won the whites-only election of May 1948, under D.F. Malan.
Question
Define petty apartheid.
Answer
The everyday, visible separation of races, such as separate benches, entrances and beaches.
Question
Define grand apartheid.
Answer
The larger structures of separation, controlling where people could live, work and vote.
Question
What did the Population Registration Act (1950) do?
Answer
It classified every person into a racial group on a national register, which every other apartheid law then relied on.
Question
What did the Group Areas Act (1950) do?
Answer
It divided towns and cities into racial zones, later leading to families being forced out of their homes.
Question
What was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)?
Answer
A law banning marriage across racial lines, showing the state controlling people's private and family lives.
Question
What did the Bantu Education Act (1953) do?
Answer
It placed black schooling under government control and deliberately under-funded it, to prepare black children only for low-paid labour.
Question
What was a pass book?
Answer
An identity document black South Africans had to carry to enter or move through white areas; without the right stamps they could be arrested.
Question
Petty vs grand apartheid: how do you tell them apart?
Answer
If a law shapes where someone lives, works or votes it is grand; if it separates a bench, beach or entrance it is petty.
Question
How should you answer a 4-mark Paper 1 source question?
Answer
Give one value and one limitation, each tied to the source's origin, purpose or content (OPVL). Never just say it is biased.
Question
How did apartheid change earlier racial inequality?
Answer
It turned scattered, local discrimination into a single national system written into law.
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Topic 4.2 hub
Apartheid South Africa (1948–1964)
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