Muslim rule in Spain and the fall of Granada (1492)

The centuries-long Christian campaign, from 711 to 1492, to retake land in Spain from Muslim rulers.

The name for the Muslim-ruled part of medieval Spain, created after the conquest of 711.

A Muslim army crossed from North Africa and conquered most of Spain, creating Al-Andalus and leaving Christians only in the far north.

A holy war blessed by the Pope, fought to win land for the Christian faith.

Religion (a papal-backed holy war), political ambition (bigger, stronger kingdoms), and material gain (land, taxes and tribute).

Christians believed they had a duty to win Spain back for their faith, and the Pope treated the fighting like a crusade with spiritual rewards.

Regular payments a weaker state made to a stronger one to avoid attack; Muslim states paid it, making the Christian kingdoms richer without fighting.

Founded in 1238, it was the last Muslim state in Spain and survived for over 200 years by paying tribute to Castile.

Their 1469 marriage united Castile and Aragon, Spain's two strongest kingdoms, allowing the final war against Granada.

It ended when Granada surrendered on 2 January 1492, after a war launched in 1482 by Isabella and Ferdinand.

It marks the fall of Granada, the last Muslim kingdom in Spain, ending the Reconquista after almost 800 years.

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The long Christian effort, over nearly 800 years, to retake Spain from Muslim rule — ending with the fall of Granada in 1492.

The Arabic name for the parts of Spain that came under Muslim rule after the conquest of 711.

In 711, when a Muslim army from North Africa crossed into Spain and conquered most of it within a few years.

A small Christian victory led by Pelayo in the northern mountains, later remembered as the symbolic start of the Reconquest.

A combined Christian army beat the Almohads, breaking Muslim military power in Spain for good.

The dynasty that ruled the Emirate of Granada, the last Muslim state in Spain, which survived partly by paying tribute to Castile.

It joined Castile and Aragon, Spain's two biggest Christian kingdoms, whose combined power was aimed at conquering Granada.

Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose united kingdoms completed the Reconquest.

The last Nasrid emir of Granada, who surrendered the city to Isabella and Ferdinand on 2 January 1492.

The fall of Granada under the Treaty of Granada on 2 January 1492, which ended the last Muslim state in Spain.

Granada fell, Columbus's first Atlantic voyage was funded, and the Alhambra Decree ordered Jews to convert or leave Spain.

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It ended on 2 January 1492 when Granada, the last Muslim kingdom in Spain, surrendered to Isabella and Ferdinand.

The Muslim-ruled lands of medieval Spain and Portugal, established after Muslim armies entered Iberia in 711.

The centuries-long Christian campaign to retake the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule.

Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose 1469 marriage joined their crowns and united Christian Spain.

Muhammad XII, the last Muslim king of Granada, who surrendered the city in January 1492.

An order forcing the Jews of Spain to convert to Christianity or leave the country within months.

Muslims in Spain forced to convert to Christianity from around 1500 who often kept their old customs in secret.

Impacts on religion, on people, and on power (R-P-P).

It left Castile and Aragon united into a strong Catholic monarchy that funded Columbus, opening an overseas empire.

The Treaty of Granada let Muslims keep their faith, but within about ten years they were pressured and forced to convert.

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Nearly 800 years, from the arrival of Muslim armies in 711 to the fall of Granada in 1492.