Effects of the First World War (1914–18)
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Flip to reveal answersWhen and where were the main WWI peace settlements negotiated?
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All 12 Flashcards — Effects of the First World War (1914–18)
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Question
When and where were the main WWI peace settlements negotiated?
Answer
In 1919 at the Paris Peace Conference; the most important treaty was the Treaty of Versailles, dealing with Germany.
Question
Who were the 'Big Three' at the 1919 peace talks and what did each want?
Answer
Clemenceau (France) wanted Germany crushed; Wilson (USA) wanted a fair peace and a League of Nations; Lloyd George (Britain) took a middle path.
Question
What was Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer
The 'war-guilt clause' — it forced Germany to accept blame for starting the war, which was used to justify heavy reparations.
Question
Name the three structural weaknesses of the League of Nations.
Answer
The USA never joined, it had no army of its own, and the unanimity rule meant a single member could block any decision.
Question
Which four empires collapsed because of WWI?
Answer
The German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Ottoman empires.
Question
Name three new states created in Central/Eastern Europe after WWI.
Answer
Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, formed on the principle of self-determination.
Question
What happened in the Russian Revolutions of 1917?
Answer
Two revolutions: the first overthrew the Tsar; the second brought the communist Bolsheviks (Lenin) to power, creating the first communist state.
Question
Define reparations in the context of WWI.
Answer
Payments the defeated powers (above all Germany) had to make to the winners to cover the damage caused by the war.
Question
How did WWI change the role of women in society?
Answer
Women filled wartime jobs in factories, farms and offices; many countries then moved toward female suffrage — Britain and Germany 1918, USA 1920.
Question
What was the approximate military death toll of WWI?
Answer
Around 9–10 million soldiers were killed, alongside millions of civilian deaths.
Question
What was the 1918–19 influenza pandemic and why did it matter?
Answer
The 'Spanish flu' swept a war-weakened world as the war ended, killing tens of millions — in some estimates more than the war itself.
Question
Why did economic and political effects of WWI overlap?
Answer
Much of the economic damage — reparations, debt, inflation — flowed directly from political decisions such as the Treaty of Versailles.
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Full study notes for Effects of the First World War (1914–18)
Topic 16.3 hub
Effects of war
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