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Flip to reveal answersName the six themes for analysing the effects of a war.
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All 12 Flashcards — Consequences of war: the framework
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Question
Name the six themes for analysing the effects of a war.
Answer
Peacemaking, territorial, political, economic, social and human cost (P-T-P-E-S-H).
Question
What does peacemaking cover as an effect of war?
Answer
The successes and failures of peace settlements (like Versailles) and the international organisations set up to keep the peace (the League of Nations, the United Nations).
Question
Why did the League of Nations largely fail?
Answer
The USA never joined, it had no army of its own, and it could not stop aggression in Manchuria, Abyssinia or the Rhineland. War returned by 1939.
Question
Give an example of territorial change after the First World War.
Answer
Four empires collapsed and new states appeared — Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. This also shifted the balance of power.
Question
Define reparations.
Answer
Payments a defeated country is forced to make for war damage. Germany was charged huge reparations at Versailles in 1919.
Question
What is economic dislocation?
Answer
When war throws an economy out of shape — factories must switch back to peacetime goods, prices soar, and trade collapses.
Question
Give a political effect of the First World War.
Answer
Its strain helped cause the 1917 Russian Revolution, which overthrew the tsar and created the world's first communist state (regime change and revolution).
Question
How did the world wars change the role of women?
Answer
Millions took factory, farm and office jobs while men fought. This is linked to women winning the vote — Britain 1918, Germany 1919, USA 1920.
Question
Why must you be balanced about women and war?
Answer
After both wars many women were pushed back into the home so returning soldiers could take the jobs, so the change was often partial and temporary.
Question
What is the difference between military and civilian casualties?
Answer
Military casualties are soldiers killed or wounded; civilian casualties are ordinary people killed by bombing, hunger, disease or genocide.
Question
Compare the human cost of WWI and WWII.
Answer
WWI killed about 17 million, mostly soldiers. WWII killed around 60 million or more, mostly civilians — showing the rise of total war.
Question
What was the Marshall Plan?
Answer
US funding that poured money into rebuilding Western Europe after 1945 — an example of post-war reconstruction.
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Topic 16.3 hub
Effects of war
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