IB History (2028+) HL · Unit 10 of 6

IB History (2028+) HL Unit 10: Paper 3 · History of Africa and the Middle East (HL)

Unit 10 of IB History (first exams 2028) covers Paper 3 · History of Africa and the Middle East (HL). This unit contains 12 topics and 36 sub-topics. Below you'll find free study notes, flashcards, and exam preparation resources for every topic in this unit.

Higher Level students should treat this unit page as a route map: revise the shared core, then use the HL notes and topic links to reach the extra depth and evaluation expected at HL.

12 topics36 sub-topics

Exam technique guide

Topics in Unit 10

10.1

Transformation in North Africa and the Middle East (750–1291)

3 sub-topics

10.2

Pre-colonial sub-Saharan African states (c.800–1945)

3 sub-topics

10.3

The African slave trade (1500–1900)

3 sub-topics

10.4

The Ottoman Empire and the creation of Türkiye (c.1790–1938)

3 sub-topics

10.5

European imperialism and the partition of Africa (c.1840–1920)

3 sub-topics

10.6

Developments in South Africa (1867–2020)

3 sub-topics

10.7

Colonialism and crisis in Rwanda and the Congo (c.1875-2003)

3 sub-topics

10.8

Colonialism in Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal and Uganda (1890–1980)

3 sub-topics

10.9

Conflict and instability in the Middle East (1896–2020)

3 sub-topics

10.10

Independence movements in Algeria, Angola, Ghana, Guinea, Namibia and Tanganyika (c.1900–2000)

3 sub-topics

10.11

Revolution, reform and foreign relations in the Middle East (c.1945–2020)

3 sub-topics

10.12

Modern developments in Ethiopia, Niger, Somalia, Tunisia, Zambia and Zimbabwe (c.1945–2020)

3 sub-topics

Study tip: Work through the topics in order — each builds on concepts from the one before. Start with notes, then reinforce with flashcards and practice questions.

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