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NotesHistory (2028+) HL
All Subjects

IB History (2028+) HL Notes

History (first exams 2028)

Aimnova offers free IB History HL revision notes for the redesigned syllabus, first examined in 2028. These notes are written against the new guide throughout — the five Paper 1 focused studies, the four Paper 2 thematic studies, and the HL-only Paper 3 regional depth studies — with source-work walkthroughs, essay plans, spaced-repetition flashcards, and IB-style practice questions with AI feedback.

HL shares the Paper 1 and Paper 2 demands of SL and adds Paper 3: a regional depth study chosen from History of Africa and the Middle East, History of the Americas, History of Asia and Oceania, or History of Europe. Paper 3 rewards depth and sustained argument over breadth, so the notes go further into each region and model full essay-length responses rather than paragraph answers.

These notes are organised across thirteen HL study units: five Paper 1 focused studies, four Paper 2 thematic studies, and the four Paper 3 regional depth studies — you follow whichever region your school teaches. You revise for Paper 1 (source-based questions), Paper 2 (thematic essays), and Paper 3 (regional depth essays) with worked examples throughout.

What's included

  • Written against the 2028 guide, not adapted from the outgoing 2020 syllabus
  • Papers 1 and 2 in full, plus all four HL-only Paper 3 regional depth studies
  • Source analysis taught explicitly — origin, purpose, content, value and limitation
  • Full essay-length models for Paper 3, where depth and sustained argument earn the marks
  • Spaced-repetition flashcards for events, concepts, historians, and command words
  • IB-style practice questions with AI marking and feedback
  • Complete IB History (2028) HL coverage — free to access, no account required for notes

How to use History (2028+) HL notes

  1. 1Start with a unit overview. Start with Papers 1 and 2, then open the Paper 3 region your school teaches.
  2. 2Read micro-topic notes. Read one topic at a time, then work through the source walkthrough or essay plan beside it.
  3. 3Test with flashcards. Use flashcards to lock in dates, concepts, historiography, and the command words each paper uses.
  4. 4Practise exam questions. Practise Paper 1 source questions and Paper 2 and 3 essays, and get AI feedback on where marks are won and lost.
History (2028) FlashcardsHistory (2028) Exam SkillsHistory (2028) Revision Guide

Unit 1

1.1Norse exploration (c.982–1020)
1.2The Aztec Empire (c.1428–1469)
1.3Paper 1 source skills

Unit 2

2.1The Haitian Revolution (c.1780–1825)
2.2Kenyan independence (1945–1978)
2.3Paper 1 source skills

Unit 3

3.1The Meiji Restoration (1853–1894)
3.2The Russian Federation (1985–1999)
3.3Paper 1 source skills

Unit 4

4.1Post-war displacement in Europe (1945–1960)
4.2Indochina refugee crisis (1975–1990)
4.3Paper 1 source skills

Unit 5

5.1Feminism in the USA (1960–1979)
5.2Revolution in Tunisia (1989–2015)
5.3Paper 1 source skills

Unit 6

6.1Why did conflict emerge?
6.2What determined the outcome of the conflict?
6.3How did the conflict affect people's lives?
6.4How was peace established?
6.5Concepts and Paper 2 exam skills

Unit 7

7.1Why did new innovations emerge?
7.2How did the innovations transform societies?
7.3How were the innovations resisted?
7.4How did the innovations affect people's lives?
7.5Concepts and Paper 2 exam skills

Unit 8

8.1Why did authoritarian rule emerge?
8.2How was authoritarian rule maintained?
8.3How did authoritarian rule affect people's lives?
8.4How was authoritarian rule challenged?
8.5Concepts and Paper 2 exam skills

Unit 9

9.1Why did popular movements emerge?
9.2How did popular movements create change?
9.3How were popular movements challenged?
9.4What was the impact of popular movements?
9.5Concepts and Paper 2 exam skills

Unit 10

10.1Transformation in North Africa and the Middle East (750–1291)
10.2Pre-colonial sub-Saharan African states (c.800–1945)
10.3The African slave trade (1500–1900)
10.4The Ottoman Empire and the creation of Türkiye (c.1790–1938)
10.5European imperialism and the partition of Africa (c.1840–1920)
10.6Developments in South Africa (1867–2020)
10.7Colonialism and crisis in Rwanda and the Congo (c.1875-2003)
10.8Colonialism in Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal and Uganda (1890–1980)
10.9Conflict and instability in the Middle East (1896–2020)
10.10Independence movements in Algeria, Angola, Ghana, Guinea, Namibia and Tanganyika (c.1900–2000)
10.11Revolution, reform and foreign relations in the Middle East (c.1945–2020)
10.12Modern developments in Ethiopia, Niger, Somalia, Tunisia, Zambia and Zimbabwe (c.1945–2020)

Unit 11

11.1Indigenous societies in the Americas (c.750–1500)
11.2Colonialism and the system of slavery in the Americas (c.1492–1830)
11.3Independence movements in the Americas (1763–1860)
11.4The US Civil War (1840-1877)
11.5The formation of modern nations in the Americas (1860–1929)
11.6The Mexican Revolution (1884–1940)
11.7The Great Depression in the Americas (c.1920–1939)
11.8Emergence of the Americas in global affairs (1880–1945)
11.9The Americas during the Cold War (1945–1991)
11.10Political developments in Latin America (1934–2020)
11.11Social movements in the Americas (1945–2020)
11.12Political developments in the USA and Canada (1960–2020)

Unit 12

12.1Asian kingdoms and empires (c.750–1500)
12.2The Mughal Empire and the British East India Company (1526–1858)
12.3Challenges to imperial rule in China (1736–1911)
12.4Indigenous societies and national identity in Australia and New Zealand (c.1770–2020)
12.5Korea (1840–1945)
12.6Independence of India (1857–1964)
12.7The emergence of independent states in Southeast Asia (1900–1990)
12.8Emergence of Modern China (1910–1949)
12.9Politics and economy in Japan (1912–2020)
12.10The emergence of Central Asian republics (1917–2020)
12.11The Cold War in Asia (1949–2002)
12.12The People's Republic of China (1949–2020)

Unit 13

13.1Medieval kingdoms and empires (c.750-1400)
13.2Renaissance and Reformation (c.1350–1700)
13.3Enlightenment and Absolutism (1600-1800)
13.4The French Revolution (1774–1815)
13.5Unification of Germany and Italy (1815–1871)
13.6Europe and the First World War (1871–1923)
13.7The Russian Revolution (1855–1924)
13.8European totalitarianism (1918–1941)
13.9Europe and the Second World War (1918–1949)
13.10Democracy, authoritarianism and conflict in Spain (c.1920–2020)
13.11The USSR and post-Soviet Russia (1945–2020)
13.12Europe during and after the Cold War (1945–2020)

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