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What four factors explain how peace was established after a conflict?
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6.4.112 cards
What four factors explain how peace was established after a conflict?
Military outcome, political decision-making, social factors, and post-conflict peace-building.
Armistice
An agreement to stop fighting — not a final peace treaty. Terms may still need to be negotiated afterward.
Treaty of Versailles (1919)
The peace treaty imposed on Germany after WWI, following decisive Allied victory. Included war-guilt clause, reparations, and territorial losses.
Why was the 1918 armistice not the same as peace?
It only stopped the fighting on 11 November 1918; the actual peace terms were negotiated later at Versailles in 1919.
How did social factors push Germany toward the 1918 armistice?
Naval mutinies, strikes, and starvation from the Allied blockade created war-weariness that forced German leaders to seek peace.
Korean Armistice Agreement (1953)
Ceasefire ending active fighting in the Korean War after a military stalemate. No peace treaty was ever signed.
DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
The heavily-guarded buffer strip dividing North and South Korea, fixed by the 1953 armistice.
Compare Versailles and the Korean Armistice
Versailles: decisive victory → full treaty → fragile peace (collapsed into WWII). Korea: stalemate → armistice only → frozen but durable peace (still technically at war).
Paris Peace Accords (1973)
Agreement ending direct US involvement in the Vietnam War, signed amid war-weariness; fighting resumed and Saigon fell in 1975, showing an armistice can collapse.
Why can a signed peace treaty still be 'fragile'?
If its terms create deep resentment (like Versailles's war-guilt clause) and peace-building institutions are weak, grievances can cause renewed conflict later.
Why can an armistice without a treaty still produce a 'stable' peace?
Even without formally resolving the conflict, a fixed ceasefire line (like Korea's DMZ) can prevent renewed full-scale war for decades.
Diktat
A dictated settlement imposed on the loser without negotiation — how many Germans viewed the Treaty of Versailles.
Topic 6.4 study notes
Full notes & explanations for How was peace established?
History (2028+) exam skills
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