Back to Topic 11.8 — Emergence of the Americas in global affairs (1880–1945)
11.8.2History (2028+) HL12 flashcards

Americas in the world — the USA and one other nation's global role

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Card 1 of 1211.8.2
11.8.2
Question

Why did the USA enter the First World War in 1917?

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All 12 Flashcards — Americas in the world — the USA and one other nation's global role

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Card 1concept

Question

Why did the USA enter the First World War in 1917?

Answer

Unrestricted German U-boat attacks on shipping plus the Zimmermann Telegram (Germany's offer of an alliance to Mexico against the USA) ended US neutrality.

Card 2definition

Question

What was Wilson's Fourteen Points plan?

Answer

A 1918 proposal for a fair peace: self-determination, open diplomacy, freedom of the seas, and a League of Nations to prevent future wars.

Card 3concept

Question

Why did the US Senate reject League of Nations membership?

Answer

Senators (led by Henry Cabot Lodge) objected to Article 10's collective-security obligation, fearing it would drag the USA into future wars automatically.

Card 4definition

Question

What was the Good Neighbor Policy?

Answer

FDR's 1933 pledge that the USA would not intervene militarily in Latin America; formalized at the Montevideo Conference and backed by troop withdrawals from Haiti and Nicaragua.

Card 5example

Question

How did the USA respond to Mexico's 1938 oil nationalization?

Answer

It negotiated compensation instead of intervening militarily — cited as proof the Good Neighbor Policy was a genuine, tested shift in approach.

Card 6concept

Question

What triggered US entry into the Second World War?

Answer

Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, 7 December 1941; the USA declared war the next day, and Germany and Italy declared war on the USA days later.

Card 7definition

Question

What was the Manhattan Project?

Answer

The secret US wartime program that developed the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.

Card 8concept

Question

What is the historical debate around the atomic bomb decision?

Answer

Whether it was necessary to end the war quickly and avoid a costly invasion, or whether Japan was already close to defeat and the bombing was aimed partly at warning the USSR.

Card 9process

Question

How did Brazil behave in the early years of the Second World War?

Answer

President Vargas traded with both the Allies and the Axis, extracting loans and the Volta Redonda steel mill from the USA before declaring war on the Axis in 1942.

Card 10process

Question

Why did Brazil declare war on the Axis in 1942?

Answer

German U-boats sank Brazilian merchant ships, turning public opinion firmly against the Axis and ending Vargas's neutral balancing act.

Card 11comparison

Question

Compare US and Brazilian entry into WWII.

Answer

Both were pushed from neutrality to war by direct attacks on their own ships/territory (Pearl Harbor for the USA, U-boat sinkings for Brazil), not by ideology alone.

Card 12comparison

Question

What is the Good Neighbor Policy's key continuity vs. change?

Answer

Change: US methods shifted from military intervention to diplomacy/economics. Continuity: the underlying goal of a hemisphere safe for US interests stayed the same.

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IB History (2028+) Americas in the world — the USA and one other nation's global role Flashcards | 11.8.2 | Aimnova | Aimnova