Post-colonial theory

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The theory that the history of empire still shapes today's global inequalities and whose ideas count — the colonial past did not end with independence.

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The Global North = richer, mostly former colonising countries; the Global South = poorer, mostly formerly colonised countries. The divide has colonial roots.

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New states inherited borders, economies and institutions designed to serve the empire, not them — so the colonial legacy persisted.

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Europeans drew them to suit themselves, splitting or forcing together ethnic groups, and independent states inherited them — fuelling conflict ever since.

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European powers in the late 1800s, to suit their own interests — ignoring the people who actually lived there.

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It traces the North–South wealth divide to centuries of colonial extraction and domination, not just present-day choices.

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That mainstream theories reflect a Western viewpoint and marginalise the perspectives of formerly colonised peoples.

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It explains the historical roots of global inequality and highlights whose voices are marginalised.

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It can over-focus on the past and downplay present-day internal factors and post-independence choices.

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Equality — and development and power, where the North–South divide and domination come to the fore.

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That economic and cultural control by powerful states can continue even after formal empire and direct rule have ended.