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NotesGerman BTopic 3.2Simple past (Präteritum)
Back to German B Topics
3.2.26 min read

Simple past (Präteritum)

IB German B · Unit 3

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Contents

  1. 1What it is
  2. 2The forms
  3. 3When to use it
  4. 4In action
  5. 5Common errors
The Präteritum: The simple past (das Präteritum, also called Imperfekt) is the narrative, written past tense.

How it works

  • It tells a connected story or report in one word per verb — „ich ging“, „sie wohnte“.
  • It has no helper verb, unlike the Perfekt.
  • You meet it in books, news, fairy tales and formal writing.
Also in speech: In everyday speech, German speakers mostly use the Perfekt for the past. But a small group of very common verbs use the Präteritum even when talking: sein („ich war“), haben („ich hatte“) and the modal verbs („ich konnte“, „ich wollte“). Those you must know cold.
das Präteritum (Imperfekt)
the simple past — the one-word, written/narrative past tense
die Erzählung / der Bericht
the narrative / report — where the Präteritum lives
das schwache Verb
the weak (regular) verb — past with the -te marker (wohnen → wohnte)
das starke Verb
the strong verb — past by a vowel change (gehen → ging)
der Stammvokalwechsel
the stem-vowel change in strong verbs (finden → fand)
die Modalverben im Präteritum
modal verbs in the past (können → konnte, wollen → wollte)
When you reach for it: If you're writing a story, a diary, a report or a biography — or you need the past of sein, haben or a modal — reach for the Präteritum. For chatty spoken past („Was hast du gemacht?“) the Perfekt is more natural; that contrast is the next micro (3.2.3).

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Weak: stem + -te + ending: Weak (regular) verbs are easy: take the stem, add the -te marker, then the personal ending.

Watch for

  • ich and er/sie/es are identical (both „wohnte“) — there is no -t/-st difference here.
  • If the stem ends in -t or -d, an extra -e- slips in (arbeiten → arbeitete).
Personwohnen (weak)arbeiten (-d/-t stem)
ichwohntearbeitete
duwohntestarbeitetest
er / sie / eswohntearbeitete
wirwohntenarbeiteten
ihrwohntetarbeitetet
sie / Siewohntenarbeiteten
Strong: change the stem vowel: Strong verbs don't add -te; instead the stem vowel changes (gehen → ging, finden → fand, sehen → sah). The ich and er/sie/es forms take no ending at all — just the new stem. Then add -st, -en, -t, -en for the others.
Persongehen → ging (strong)sein (irregular)
ichgingwar
dugingstwarst
er / sie / esgingwar
wirgingenwaren
ihrgingtwart
sie / Siegingenwaren
Learn these by heart: The verbs you'll use most in the past are irregular: sein → war, haben → hatte, and the modals können → konnte, wollen → wollte, müssen → musste, dürfen → durfte, sollen → sollte, mögen → mochte. Memorise the ich-form and the rest follows the weak pattern (warst, hatten, konntet …).

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Four classic jobs: The Präteritum is the tense of written, connected past. Here are the four situations where you'll choose it in the exam — each with a German example. Watch where the Perfekt would be the spoken-everyday choice instead.

Wann man das Präteritum benutzt

  • Narrative & reports in writing — „Sie stand früh auf und ging zur Arbeit.“ (She got up early and went to work.)
  • sein & haben — even in speech — „Gestern war ich müde und hatte keine Zeit.“ (Yesterday I was tired and had no time.)
  • Modal verbs in the past — „Ich konnte nicht kommen, weil ich arbeiten musste.“ (I couldn't come because I had to work.)
  • Fairy tales, news, biographies — „Es war einmal eine Königin, die in einem Schloss lebte.“ (Once upon a time there was a queen who lived in a castle.)
Writing a story? sein/haben/modal? → Präteritum: Ask: am I writing a connected past account, or do I need the past of sein, haben or a modal? If yes, use the Präteritum. For a casual spoken answer about a single past event, the Perfekt usually sounds more natural.
A short story, sentence by sentence: Here's a short narrative built one sentence at a time. Every verb is in the Präteritum.

How to read it

  • Spot the three kinds: weak („wohnte“, „spielten“, „machte“), strong („stand … auf“, „ging“, „kam“, „liefen“) and the irregular „war“.
  • Read it once for the meaning, then tap Übersetzung anzeigen for the English or the audio button to hear it.

Das Präteritum in Aktion

Eine kleine Geschichte, Satz für Satz

  1. Als ich klein war, wohnte meine Familie in einem kleinen Dorf in den Bergen.
  2. Eines Morgens stand ich sehr früh auf, weil die Sonne schon schien.
  3. Ich ging mit meinem Hund zum Fluss und wir spielten stundenlang im Wasser.
  4. Plötzlich kam ein Gewitter, und wir liefen schnell nach Hause.
  5. Meine Mutter machte heißen Tee, und der Tag endete warm und gemütlich.
Steal this for your story: Notice the rhythm of a German narrative: a time/scene marker („Als ich klein war“, „Eines Morgens“, „Plötzlich“) + a Präteritum verb. Strong verbs change the vowel („ging“, „kam“, „lief“); weak verbs add -te („wohnte“, „spielte“, „machte“). Use this whenever a Paper 1 task asks you to tell a story or write a diary entry.

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The slips to watch for: Three classic Präteritum mistakes cost marks. Compare the right version with the typical mistake.

The three slips

  • Adding -te to a strong verb: „gehte“ instead of „ging“.
  • Putting an ending on the ich/er strong form: „gingte“, „warte“ instead of „ging“, „war“.
  • Mixing up sein vs haben in the past.

Richtig

  • Gestern ging ich ins Kino.
  • Als Kind war ich oft krank.
  • Ich konnte gestern nicht kommen.

Häufiger Fehler

  • Gestern gehte ich ins Kino.
  • Als Kind ich war oft krank.
  • Ich könnte gestern nicht kommen.
Strong? No -te. ich/er? No ending.: Before you move on, check three things: is the verb strong (then change the vowel, never add -te)? Did you leave the ich/er strong form without an ending (ging, war, kam)? And is it konnte (past) and not könnte (Konjunktiv, „would be able to“)? Those are the slips examiners catch.

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Ergänze mit dem Präteritum von „haben“ und „kommen“: „Gestern ___ (haben) wir keine Schule, deshalb ___ (kommen) meine Freunde zu mir.“ [2 marks]

Related German B Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

3.1.1Present: regular verbs3.1.2Present: irregular & stem-changing verbs3.1.3Separable & inseparable verbs3.1.4Modal verbs
View all German B topics
Improve your exam techniqueCommand terms, paper structure, and mark-scheme tips for German B
Previous3.2.1Perfect tense (Perfekt)NextPerfect vs Präteritum3.2.3

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