Responding to climate change and building resilience
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Define mitigation (climate change).
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All Flashcards in Topic 2.3
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2.3.110 cards
Define mitigation (climate change).
Action that reduces the **causes** of climate change — cutting greenhouse-gas emissions or removing CO₂.
Mitigation vs adaptation?
**Mitigation** = reduce the causes (cut emissions); **adaptation** = cope with the effects.
What is carbon trading?
A **cap** on total emissions plus **tradable permits**, so polluting costs money and firms are paid to cut emissions.
What is carbon offsetting?
Funding emission cuts elsewhere (e.g. tree planting) to **balance** emissions you produce.
What is carbon capture / geo-engineering?
Large-scale removal of CO₂ from power stations or the air, then storing it.
Mitigation case study — EU ETS?
The **EU Emissions Trading System** caps industry/power emissions + tradable permits → a financial reason to decarbonise.
Mitigation case study — Costa Rica?
Generates ~**99% of electricity from renewables** and pays to protect forests.
Mitigation case study — Paris Agreement?
2015 global deal; countries pledge emission cuts to keep warming well below 2 °C.
What does 'to what extent' require?
A **balanced** two-sided argument with **named examples** and a **justified judgement**.
Proportional symbols — one advantage + one disadvantage?
Advantage: symbol size shows the value at each place. Disadvantage: hard to read exact values.
2.3.212 cards
Define mitigation (of climate change).
Action that **reduces or removes** greenhouse-gas emissions to slow warming.
Define adaptation (to climate change).
Adjusting life and infrastructure to **cope with impacts** already happening.
Mitigation vs adaptation in one line?
**Mitigation = cut the cause** (emissions); **adaptation = live with the effects** (defences).
Define resilience.
The capacity of a place or community to **absorb shocks and recover** from climate impacts.
What is a geopolitical strategy?
Action taken **between countries** (treaties, agreements, cooperation) rather than by one place alone.
What is the Paris Agreement (2015)?
A global treaty where almost every country pledges to keep warming **well below 2C**, aiming for 1.5C.
How does the Paris Agreement work?
Shared target -> each country pledges emission cuts -> progress reviewed at **COP** summits.
What was the Kyoto Protocol (1997)?
The first treaty with **binding targets**, but only for **developed** countries.
What is the IPCC?
The UN **science panel** that reviews the evidence and reports on climate risks.
Which SDG covers climate, and what year are the goals for?
**Goal 13 (Climate Action)**; the 17 SDGs run to **2030**.
Why is an international response needed for climate change?
Emissions cross borders, so **no single country can fix it alone** — nations must cooperate.
How should a 'To what extent' essay end?
With a **clear, justified judgement** that weighs both sides, using named examples.
Topic 2.3 study notes
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