Food security and famine
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Question
Define food security.
Answer
When **all people, at all times, have reliable access** to enough safe, nutritious food for an active, healthy life.
Question
Define food insecurity.
Answer
**Unreliable or insufficient access** to enough safe, nutritious food - it can be chronic or sudden.
Question
Define famine.
Answer
An **extreme, widespread food shortage** causing mass hunger, malnutrition and a sharp rise in deaths.
Question
The three pillars of food security?
Answer
**Availability** (enough food), **access** (people can afford and reach it) and **stability** (a reliable supply over time).
Question
Availability vs access?
Answer
**Availability** = is there enough food in the area? **Access** = can people afford and physically reach it?
Question
Four types of cause of famine?
Answer
**Physical/environmental, economic, political and social** factors - and they combine.
Question
How does conflict cause famine?
Answer
It forces farmers off the land, destroys harvests and **blocks roads and aid**, so food cannot be grown or delivered.
Question
How does disease cause food insecurity?
Answer
Illness such as **HIV/AIDS or malaria** removes adults from the workforce, so fewer can farm and incomes fall.
Question
How does poverty cause food insecurity?
Answer
Low incomes mean families **cannot afford food** when prices rise, so a poor harvest tips them into hunger.
Question
Case study - the Sahel?
Answer
An African belt (Niger, Chad, Mali) with recurring crises: **drought** triggers them, but **poverty, population growth and conflict** turn shortage into famine.
Question
Case study - the Green Revolution?
Answer
High-yield crops, irrigation and fertiliser in **India** from the 1960s sharply raised output and helped end recurrent famine in Punjab.
Question
What does a top [10] Examine answer need?
Answer
Factors from **2+ categories** developed, a **named located example**, a weighing of how they interact, and a clear judgement.
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Full study notes for Food security and famine
Topic 12.2 hub
Food systems and the spread of disease
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