Measuring health and disease patterns
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All 12 Flashcards — Measuring health and disease patterns
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Question
What is a health indicator?
Answer
A number used to **measure how healthy a population is** and compare places (life expectancy, mortality, morbidity, calorie intake).
Question
Define life expectancy.
Answer
The **average number of years a newborn is expected to live**; it rises with development.
Question
Define infant mortality.
Answer
Deaths of children **under 1 per 1,000 live births** - a sensitive measure of health care and poverty.
Question
Define maternal mortality.
Answer
Deaths of **mothers from pregnancy or childbirth per 100,000 live births**.
Question
What is morbidity?
Answer
The **amount or rate of disease** (illness) in a population - not deaths.
Question
Define a disease of poverty.
Answer
An **infectious** disease linked to deprivation - e.g. malaria, cholera, TB.
Question
Define a disease of affluence.
Answer
A **chronic / lifestyle** disease linked to wealth - e.g. obesity, type-2 diabetes, heart disease.
Question
What is the epidemiological transition?
Answer
The **shift** in a country's disease pattern from infectious diseases of poverty towards chronic diseases of affluence as it develops.
Question
Why do diseases of affluence rise with wealth?
Answer
Richer **diets**, **sedentary lifestyles** and **longer lives** mean more people develop chronic disease.
Question
Why is maternal mortality high in poor countries?
Answer
Weak **health-care access**, poor diet, unsafe water and remoteness mean complications go untreated.
Question
How do you read a choropleth map value?
Answer
Take the **band from the key** the area is shaded with - not a made-up exact figure.
Question
What does a top [6] long answer need?
Answer
Two or three **developed** points, each with a **mechanism** linking it to a health outcome, plus a **real example**.
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Full study notes for Measuring health and disease patterns
Topic 12.1 hub
Measuring food and health
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