Managing tourism and sport for the future

The **number of visitors** a place can take before its environment, infrastructure or community is **harmed**.

A place that attracts **very large numbers of visitors** — a beach resort, historic city or national park.

**Environmental** = the limit set by the natural resource (water, soil, wildlife). **Perceptual** = the point where it feels too crowded to enjoy.

Visitor numbers that **exceed** the carrying capacity, damaging the place and locals' quality of life.

Tourism that meets visitors' needs **without** degrading the environment or community for the future — staying within carrying capacity.

**Small-scale, low-impact** tourism in natural areas that aims to **conserve** them and benefit local people.

Footpath **erosion**, litter, water/air pollution, or disturbed wildlife — harm to **nature**.

**Second homes** raise house prices so locals out-migrate, plus crowding and loss of local culture — harm to the **community**.

Once **perceptual carrying capacity** is exceeded the place feels too crowded and damaged, so visitors stop coming.

**Cap/charge visitors** and **harden footpaths or create protected areas** — also vehicle limits and ecotourism.

Long-haul **flights add a carbon footprint** and profit can **leak** abroad, so local gains may not make global tourism sustainable.

Two+ developed strategies with a named example, a weighing of effectiveness and stakeholder conflict, and a clear judgement — in the right environment.