Tourism and sport at the international scale
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Define a sport mega-event.
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All Flashcards in Topic 11.3
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11.3.112 cards
Define a sport mega-event.
A **large international sporting event** with global participation, media and investment - the Olympics, FIFA World Cup and Paralympics.
How does globalisation power mega-events?
Through **global media**, **transnational sponsors** and worldwide flows of **athletes, tourists and money**.
Define legacy (mega-event).
The **long-term effects** left after the event - stadiums, transport, regeneration, or debt and unused venues.
Define soft power (in sport).
The **global influence and prestige** a country gains by hosting and being seen positively on the world stage.
Why has the cost of hosting risen?
Each host outdoes the last with new stadiums, villages, transport and security - hosting now costs **billions** of US dollars.
Why do rich nations host repeatedly?
They can **re-use** existing infrastructure (lower marginal cost) and **renew their soft power** each time.
Name two ways participation grew more diverse.
**More women** (near half by 2020) and **more disabled athletes** (the Paralympics) - plus more nations and minority athletes.
Why have the Paralympics grown - cultural reason?
Disabled athletes are now seen as **elite role models** with prime-time media coverage, shifting public attitudes.
Why have the Paralympics grown - political reason?
The **host-city contract requires** a Paralympics alongside the Olympics, plus government funding and promotion.
Give one lasting benefit of hosting.
**Regeneration / infrastructure** - e.g. London 2012 transformed Stratford with parkland, transport and housing.
Give one lasting cost of hosting.
**Debt and white-elephant venues** - e.g. several Rio 2016 venues fell derelict soon after the Games.
What does a top [10] Examine answer need?
A **named host**, a **balanced** account of benefits AND costs, evaluation across places/scales/perspectives, and a **justified judgement**.
11.3.212 cards
Define international tourism.
Travel to **another country** for leisure, business or visiting relatives, measured as **international arrivals**.
Define niche tourism.
A **specialised, small-scale** form aimed at a particular interest — film, adventure, heritage or eco tourism.
What is film (movie-location) tourism?
Visiting places used as **film or TV sets** — e.g. New Zealand for *The Lord of the Rings*.
What is adventure tourism?
Travel for **physical, often risky activities** — bungee jumping, white-water rafting, trekking.
What is a diaspora (in tourism)?
People living abroad with ties to a homeland; they drive **visiting-friends-and-relatives** travel, lifting arrivals.
What is leakage?
The share of tourist spending that flows **out** of the host country, often to foreign-owned **TNCs**.
Mass vs niche tourism?
**Mass** = large numbers, cheap, few resorts; **niche** = specialised, smaller, **higher spend per head**.
Two drivers of rising international arrivals?
Marketing/branding and better accessibility (also events and a growing diaspora).
Two factors that cut international arrivals?
Conflict/unrest and disease outbreaks (also disasters, poor reviews, a bad exchange rate).
Why does a niche grow tourism?
It gives a **unique draw**, attracts **higher-spending** visitors and creates jobs (the multiplier) plus free publicity.
Film-tourism case study?
**New Zealand** — *LOTR* / *The Hobbit* sites (Hobbiton); tours draw fans and support local jobs.
What does a top [10] Examine answer need?
Both sides (gains vs leakage/overtourism), named examples with data, stakeholders/scales, and a justified judgement.
Topic 11.3 study notes
Full notes & explanations for Tourism and sport at the international scale
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