International and niche tourism
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Question
Define international tourism.
Answer
Travel to **another country** for leisure, business or visiting relatives, measured as **international arrivals**.
Question
Define niche tourism.
Answer
A **specialised, small-scale** form aimed at a particular interest — film, adventure, heritage or eco tourism.
Question
What is film (movie-location) tourism?
Answer
Visiting places used as **film or TV sets** — e.g. New Zealand for *The Lord of the Rings*.
Question
What is adventure tourism?
Answer
Travel for **physical, often risky activities** — bungee jumping, white-water rafting, trekking.
Question
What is a diaspora (in tourism)?
Answer
People living abroad with ties to a homeland; they drive **visiting-friends-and-relatives** travel, lifting arrivals.
Question
What is leakage?
Answer
The share of tourist spending that flows **out** of the host country, often to foreign-owned **TNCs**.
Question
Mass vs niche tourism?
Answer
**Mass** = large numbers, cheap, few resorts; **niche** = specialised, smaller, **higher spend per head**.
Question
Two drivers of rising international arrivals?
Answer
Marketing/branding and better accessibility (also events and a growing diaspora).
Question
Two factors that cut international arrivals?
Answer
Conflict/unrest and disease outbreaks (also disasters, poor reviews, a bad exchange rate).
Question
Why does a niche grow tourism?
Answer
It gives a **unique draw**, attracts **higher-spending** visitors and creates jobs (the multiplier) plus free publicity.
Question
Film-tourism case study?
Answer
**New Zealand** — *LOTR* / *The Hobbit* sites (Hobbiton); tours draw fans and support local jobs.
Question
What does a top [10] Examine answer need?
Answer
Both sides (gains vs leakage/overtourism), named examples with data, stakeholders/scales, and a justified judgement.
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Full study notes for International and niche tourism
Topic 11.3 hub
Tourism and sport at the international scale
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