aimnova.
DashboardMy LearningPaper MasteryStudy Plan

Stay in the loop

Study tips, product updates, and early access to new features.

aimnova.

AI-powered IB study platform with personalised plans, instant feedback, and examiner-style marking.

IB Subjects
  • All IB Subjects
  • IB Diploma
  • IB ESS
  • IB Economics
  • IB Business Management
  • IB Math AI
  • IB Math AA
  • IB Physics
  • IB Spanish B
  • IB German B
  • IB French B
Question Banks
  • ESS Question Bank
  • Economics Question Bank
  • Business Management Question Bank
  • Math AI Question Bank
  • Math AA Question Bank
  • Physics Question Bank
  • Spanish B Question Bank
  • German B Question Bank
  • French B Question Bank
Predicted Topics 2026
  • ESS Predictions 2026
  • Economics Predictions 2026
  • Business Management Predictions 2026
  • Math AI Predictions 2026
  • Math AA Predictions 2026
  • Physics Predictions 2026
  • Spanish B Predictions 2026
  • German B Predictions 2026
  • French B Predictions 2026

Study Resources

  • Free Study Notes
  • Mock Exams
  • Revision Guide
  • Flashcards
  • Exam Skills
  • Command Terms
  • Past Paper Feedback
  • Grade Calculator
  • Exam Timetable 2026

Company

  • Features
  • Pricing
  • About Us
  • Blog
  • Contact
  • Terms
  • Privacy
  • Cookies

© 2026 Aimnova. All rights reserved.

Made with 💜 for IB students worldwide

v0.1.1265
NotesFrench B HLTopic 3.2Passé composé vs imperfect
Back to French B HL Topics
3.2.34 min read

Passé composé vs imperfect

IB French B • Unit 3

IB exam ready

Study like the top scorers do

Access a smart study planner, AI tutor, and exam vault — everything you need to hit your target grade.

Start Free Trial

Contents

  • What it is
  • The forms
  • When to use it
  • In action
  • Common errors
Two past tenses, two jobs: French has two main past tenses, and the whole skill is choosing between them. The passé composé reports what happened — single, completed events that move the story forward. The imparfait paints the background — what things were like, what used to happen, what was going on. Most past narration mixes the two: the imparfait sets the scene, the passé composé tells the action.
le passé composé
the completed past — finished events, what happened, a sequence (j'ai mangé, je suis parti)
l'imparfait
the imperfect — background, description, habits, what was going on (je mangeais, il faisait froid)
un événement
an event — a single, finished action (passé composé)
le décor / l'arrière-plan
the setting / background — the scene against which events happen (imparfait)
une interruption
an interruption — a passé composé event cutting into an ongoing imparfait action
raconter
to narrate — to tell a past story, normally mixing both tenses
Ask: action or scene?: The single question that decides it: is this the action that happened, or the scene around it? Action that moves forward → passé composé. Scene, description or habit → imparfait. Keep that question in mind through the whole micro — English uses one form («I did») for both, so French forces a choice you don't make in English.
How each tense is built: Before choosing, know how each tense is formed. The passé composé is two words: an auxiliary (avoir or être) in the present + the past participle (j'ai mangé, je suis allé). The imparfait is one word: take the nous form of the present, drop -ons, add the endings -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient (nous mangeons → je mangeais).
PronounPassé composé (avoir verb: manger)Imparfait (manger)
je / j'j'ai mangéje mangeais
tutu as mangétu mangeais
il / elle / onil a mangéil mangeait
nousnous avons mangénous mangions
vousvous avez mangévous mangiez
ils / ellesils ont mangéils mangeaient
être verbs agree; the auxiliary differs: Most verbs take avoir (j'ai vu, j'ai fini). The DR & MRS VANDERTRAMP verbs of movement/change — aller, venir, partir, arriver, naître, mourir, monter, descendre, rester, tomber, entrer, sortir… — and all reflexive verbs take être, and then the past participle agrees with the subject: «elle est allée», «ils se sont levés». In the imparfait there is no auxiliary at all.
Verb typePassé composé exampleImparfait example
avoir verb (finir)j'ai fini (I finished)je finissais (I was finishing)
être verb (aller)je suis allé(e) (I went)j'allais (I used to go)
reflexive (se lever)je me suis levé(e) (I got up)je me levais (I used to get up)
irregular (être)j'ai été (I was — one event)j'étais (I was — background)
irregular (avoir)j'ai eu (I got / had — one event)j'avais (I had — background, age)
Watch «être» and «avoir» themselves: The two most common verbs are exactly where learners slip. As background («it was cold», «I was eight», «I had a dog»), use the imparfait: «il faisait froid», «j'avais huit ans», «j'avais un chien». Reserve «j'ai été» and «j'ai eu» for a single, finished moment («j'ai eu un accident» = I had an accident).

Get feedback like a real examiner

Submit your answers and get instant feedback — what you did well, what's missing, and exactly what to write to score full marks.

Try AI Tutor Free7-day free trial • No card required
The trigger markers: Certain time markers pull you towards one tense or the other. Passé composé markers point to a single, dated, finished moment; imparfait markers point to repetition, duration or an ongoing scene. Learn these signposts and most choices make themselves.

Marqueurs → passé composé

  • hier → hier je suis allé au cinéma
  • tout à coup → tout à coup il a appelé
  • une fois → une fois j'ai visité le Pérou
  • lundi dernier → lundi dernier j'ai commencé le cours

Marqueurs → imparfait

  • toujours → nous dînions toujours ensemble
  • d'habitude → d'habitude j'allais à pied
  • tous les jours → tous les jours j'étudiais
  • pendant que → pendant que je lisais, j'écoutais de la musique
Signpost, then decide: «Hier, tout à coup, une fois, lundi dernier» signal a single completed moment → passé composé. «Toujours, d'habitude, tous les jours, pendant que» signal repetition or an ongoing scene → imparfait. Spot the marker first, then the tense usually follows.
A short story mixing both: Here is a short past story built one sentence at a time, mixing the two tenses correctly. The English in brackets tells you which tense does which job in each line — imparfait for the scene, passé composé for the events. Tap Voir la traduction for the full English or 🔊 to hear the French.

Le passé composé et l'imparfait ensemble

Une histoire, phrase à phrase

  1. C'était une nuit calme et il pleuvait sans arrêt.
  2. Je lisais un livre dans le salon quand, tout à coup, la lumière s'est éteinte.
  3. Je me suis levé, j'ai cherché une lampe de poche et je suis descendu à la cave.
  4. La cave était sombre et il faisait très froid.
  5. Finalement, j'ai trouvé le problème et la lumière est revenue.
Steal this for your story: Notice the rhythm: set the scene in the imparfait («c'était», «il pleuvait», «était sombre»), then tell the events in the passé composé («je me suis levé», «j'ai cherché», «j'ai trouvé»). When one action interrupts another, the ongoing one is imparfait and the interruption is passé composé. That mix is exactly what examiners reward in the writing task.

Learn what examiners really want

See exactly what to write to score full marks. Our AI shows you model answers and the key phrases examiners look for.

Try AI Feedback Free7-day free trial • No card required
The anglophone slips to watch for: English has one simple past («I went», «I was cold»), so learners pick one French tense and stick with it. The classic slips go both ways: using the passé composé for description, age or weather (which need the imparfait), and using the imparfait for a one-off completed event (which needs the passé composé). Watch the auxiliary too: «être» verbs take être, not avoir. Compare the right version with the typical mistake.

Correct

  • J'avais huit ans quand j'ai commencé l'école.
  • Il faisait froid, alors j'ai fermé la fenêtre.
  • Hier, je suis allé chez le médecin.

Erreur fréquente

  • J'ai eu huit ans quand j'ai commencé l'école.
  • Il a fait froid, alors j'ai fermé la fenêtre.
  • Hier, j'allais chez le médecin. / Hier, j'ai allé…
Age, time, weather → imparfait; être verbs → être: Two reliable rules to stop the slips. (1) Age, time and weather in the past are almost always imparfait (j'avais huit ans ; il était trois heures ; il faisait froid). A single dated event that happened once is passé composé (hier je suis allé, une fois j'ai visité). (2) Never write «j'ai allé / j'ai resté» — movement/change verbs and reflexives take être: «je suis allé», «je suis resté», «je me suis levé».

Try an IB Exam Question — Free AI Feedback

Test yourself on Passé composé vs imperfect. Write your answer and get instant AI feedback — just like a real IB examiner.

Classe chaque marqueur selon le temps qu'il demande (passé composé ou imparfait) et écris les deux groupes : « tout à coup », « tous les jours », « une fois », « pendant que ». [2 marks]

Related French B HL Topics

Continue learning with these related topics from the same unit:

3.1.1Present: -er verbs
3.1.2Present: -ir & -re verbs
3.1.3Irregular present
3.1.4Reflexive verbs
View all French B HL topics

Improve your exam technique

Command terms, paper structure, and mark-scheme tips for French B HL

Previous
3.2.2Imperfect
Next
Pluperfect3.2.4

15 questions to test your understanding

Reading is just the start. Students who tested themselves scored 82% on average — try IB-style questions with AI feedback.

Start Free TrialView All French B HL Topics