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1403 flashcards
Card 1 of 14031.1.1
1.1.1
Question

un mode de vie plus simple / écologique

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All cards in this selection

Card 11.1.1definition
Question

un mode de vie plus simple / écologique

Answer

a simpler / more ecological way of life

Card 21.1.1definition
Question

le rythme de vie

Answer

the pace of life

Card 31.1.1definition
Question

se lever tôt

Answer

to get up early

Card 41.1.1definition
Question

vivre au grand air

Answer

to live in the open air

Card 51.1.1definition
Question

le bien-être

Answer

well-being

Card 61.1.1definition
Question

cultiver son potager / faire pousser des légumes

Answer

to grow a vegetable garden / to grow vegetables

Card 71.1.1definition
Question

l'équilibre entre vie professionnelle et vie privée

Answer

work-life balance

Card 81.1.1definition
Question

les panneaux solaires / le four à bois

Answer

solar panels / the wood stove

Card 91.1.1definition
Question

déconnecter (des écrans)

Answer

to switch off (from screens)

Card 101.1.1definition
Question

c'est bon pour le moral

Answer

it's good for your spirits / morale

Card 111.1.1concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 121.1.1concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 131.1.1concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 141.1.1concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 151.1.2definition
Question

la santé / le bien-être

Answer

health / well-being

Card 161.1.2definition
Question

une alimentation saine et variée

Answer

a healthy, varied diet

Card 171.1.2definition
Question

de saines habitudes alimentaires

Answer

healthy eating habits

Card 181.1.2definition
Question

le végétarisme / le véganisme / le bio

Answer

vegetarianism / veganism / organic food

Card 191.1.2definition
Question

les produits laitiers / les fruits et légumes

Answer

dairy products / fruit and vegetables

Card 201.1.2definition
Question

un mode de vie sain

Answer

a healthy lifestyle

Card 211.1.2definition
Question

bien dormir / le sommeil

Answer

to sleep well / sleep

Card 221.1.2definition
Question

la santé mentale / le stress

Answer

mental health / stress

Card 231.1.2definition
Question

les maladies non transmissibles

Answer

non-communicable diseases

Card 241.1.2definition
Question

la malbouffe / le gras / le sel

Answer

junk food / fat / salt

Card 251.1.2definition
Question

être en hausse

Answer

to be on the rise / increasing

Card 261.1.2concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 271.1.2concept
Question

In a Vrai/Faux + justifiez question, what earns the mark?

Answer

BOTH the correct box AND a justification quoting words from the text — neither alone scores.

Card 281.1.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 291.1.3definition
Question

la croyance

Answer

belief

Card 301.1.3definition
Question

la valeur (les valeurs)

Answer

value (values)

Card 311.1.3definition
Question

la foi

Answer

faith

Card 321.1.3definition
Question

la tradition

Answer

tradition

Card 331.1.3definition
Question

le patrimoine (culturel / immatériel)

Answer

(cultural / intangible) heritage

Card 341.1.3definition
Question

une tradition à sauvegarder

Answer

a tradition to safeguard

Card 351.1.3definition
Question

le savoir-faire (artisanal)

Answer

(artisan) know-how / skill

Card 361.1.3definition
Question

la tolérance

Answer

tolerance

Card 371.1.3definition
Question

la reconnaissance

Answer

recognition

Card 381.1.3definition
Question

transmettre (de génération en génération)

Answer

to pass on (from one generation to the next)

Card 391.1.3concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 401.1.3concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), bien que (although) — also: de plus, par conséquent.

Card 411.1.3concept
Question

In a « Complétez … » or « mots soulignés » reading question, how do you answer?

Answer

Copy the text's EXACT words — utilisez les mots tels qu'ils apparaissent dans le texte ; don't paraphrase.

Card 421.1.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 431.1.4definition
Question

la sous-culture

Answer

subculture

Card 441.1.4definition
Question

la tribu urbaine

Answer

urban tribe (youth subculture)

Card 451.1.4definition
Question

appartenir à (un groupe)

Answer

to belong to (a group)

Card 461.1.4definition
Question

l'identité

Answer

identity

Card 471.1.4definition
Question

s'exprimer

Answer

to express oneself

Card 481.1.4definition
Question

la passion / le passionné

Answer

passion / an enthusiast, a fan

Card 491.1.4definition
Question

le style / l'esthétique

Answer

style / look, aesthetic

Card 501.1.4definition
Question

s'intégrer

Answer

to fit in, to integrate

Card 511.1.4definition
Question

se sentir accepté(e)

Answer

to feel accepted

Card 521.1.4definition
Question

la communauté en ligne

Answer

online community

Card 531.1.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 541.1.4concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 551.1.4concept
Question

In a « Vrai/Faux, justifiez » reading question, what earns the mark?

Answer

BOTH are compulsory: tick the right box AND quote words from the text. A correct tick with no quote = 0; a quote with the wrong box = 0.

Card 561.1.4concept
Question

In « vocabulaire en contexte » (trouvez le mot qui signifie…), what must you write?

Answer

The EXACT word from the text — a personal synonym is not accepted. (Contrast: « avec tes propres mots » short answers DO want a paraphrase.)

Card 571.1.5definition
Question

la langue maternelle / natale

Answer

mother tongue / native language

Card 581.1.5definition
Question

le locuteur / la locutrice

Answer

speaker (of a language)

Card 591.1.5definition
Question

être bilingue

Answer

to be bilingual

Card 601.1.5definition
Question

la langue régionale / minoritaire

Answer

regional / minority language

Card 611.1.5definition
Question

la langue menacée / en voie de disparition

Answer

endangered language / at risk of disappearing

Card 621.1.5definition
Question

transmettre une langue (à ses enfants)

Answer

to pass a language on (to one's children)

Card 631.1.5definition
Question

préserver / sauvegarder une langue

Answer

to preserve / safeguard a language

Card 641.1.5definition
Question

le patrimoine linguistique

Answer

linguistic heritage

Card 651.1.5definition
Question

être fier / fière de ses origines

Answer

to be proud of one's roots

Card 661.1.5definition
Question

la tribu / les attaches

Answer

tribe / ties, roots

Card 671.1.5concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 681.1.5concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 691.1.5concept
Question

In a vocabulaire-en-contexte question, what do you write?

Answer

The exact word from the text that matches the meaning — copy it, don't translate or paraphrase.

Card 701.1.5concept
Question

In a vrai/faux + justification question, what earns the mark?

Answer

BOTH the correct Vrai/Faux box AND a justification quoted from the text — both are required for [1 mark].

Card 711.2.1definition
Question

les loisirs / le temps libre

Answer

leisure / free time

Card 721.2.1definition
Question

un passe-temps / un loisir

Answer

a hobby / a pastime

Card 731.2.1definition
Question

une activité de plein air

Answer

an outdoor activity

Card 741.2.1definition
Question

essayer une nouvelle activité pour la première fois

Answer

to try a new activity for the first time

Card 751.2.1definition
Question

s'inscrire à un club / rejoindre une équipe

Answer

to join a club / to join a team

Card 761.2.1definition
Question

une équipe sportive / un(e) coéquipier(ère)

Answer

a sports team / a teammate

Card 771.2.1definition
Question

s'entraîner / un entraînement

Answer

to train / a training session

Card 781.2.1definition
Question

une sortie entre amis

Answer

an outing with friends

Card 791.2.1definition
Question

visiter un musée / une exposition

Answer

to visit a museum / an exhibition

Card 801.2.1definition
Question

se faire de nouveaux amis

Answer

to make new friends

Card 811.2.1concept
Question

How do you recommend an activity to a friend in French?

Answer

Je te recommande vivement de… / Tu devrais essayer… / Lance-toi !

Card 821.2.1concept
Question

Which two past tenses describe a first-time outing?

Answer

Passé composé for the events (« j'ai essayé ») + imparfait for the background/feelings (« j'avais peur »).

Card 831.2.1concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 841.2.1concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 851.2.2definition
Question

le voyage

Answer

the trip / journey

Card 861.2.2definition
Question

les vacances

Answer

the holidays / vacation

Card 871.2.2definition
Question

la destination

Answer

the destination

Card 881.2.2definition
Question

l'hébergement / l'auberge (de jeunesse)

Answer

accommodation / (youth) hostel

Card 891.2.2definition
Question

réserver (un hôtel / un billet)

Answer

to book (a hotel / a ticket)

Card 901.2.2definition
Question

faire sa valise

Answer

to pack (a suitcase)

Card 911.2.2definition
Question

la gare routière / le car

Answer

the bus station / the coach

Card 921.2.2definition
Question

le tourisme de masse

Answer

mass tourism

Card 931.2.2definition
Question

voyager en solo / partir à l'aventure

Answer

to travel solo / to set off on an adventure

Card 941.2.2definition
Question

le littoral / le port de pêche

Answer

the coastline / the fishing port

Card 951.2.2definition
Question

séjourner

Answer

to stay (somewhere)

Card 961.2.2concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 971.2.2concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 981.2.2concept
Question

In « vocabulaire en contexte / reliez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The EXACT word from the text, spelled as it appears — a synonym of your own won't score.

Card 991.2.3definition
Question

un récit de vie / le parcours

Answer

a life story / (life) journey, path

Card 1001.2.3definition
Question

un souvenir d'enfance

Answer

a childhood memory

Card 1011.2.3definition
Question

un tournant / un point de bascule

Answer

a turning point

Card 1021.2.3definition
Question

un jour qui a tout changé

Answer

a day that changed everything

Card 1031.2.3definition
Question

un rêve / une ambition

Answer

a dream / an ambition

Card 1041.2.3definition
Question

réaliser son rêve

Answer

to make one's dream come true

Card 1051.2.3definition
Question

surmonter une difficulté / un obstacle

Answer

to overcome a difficulty / an obstacle

Card 1061.2.3definition
Question

oser (faire quelque chose)

Answer

to dare (to do something)

Card 1071.2.3definition
Question

s'imposer dans un milieu (masculin)

Answer

to make one's mark in a (male) field

Card 1081.2.3definition
Question

être fier / fière de

Answer

to be proud of

Card 1091.2.3concept
Question

How do you narrate a past life story in French?

Answer

Imparfait for the setting/feelings (« j'étais », « je rêvais ») + passé composé for the key events (« j'ai vu », « tout a changé »).

Card 1101.2.3concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 1111.2.3concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

BOTH the correct Vrai/Faux AND the exact words quoted FROM the text that prove it — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 1121.2.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 1131.2.4definition
Question

le rite de passage

Answer

rite of passage

Card 1141.2.4definition
Question

l'étape (de la vie)

Answer

stage / phase of life

Card 1151.2.4definition
Question

grandir / devenir adulte

Answer

to grow up / to become an adult

Card 1161.2.4definition
Question

la majorité / devenir majeur(e)

Answer

coming of age / to turn 18

Card 1171.2.4definition
Question

passer / réussir le baccalauréat (le bac)

Answer

to sit / to pass the baccalauréat

Card 1181.2.4definition
Question

passer / avoir le permis de conduire

Answer

to take / to get your driving licence

Card 1191.2.4definition
Question

quitter le foyer / le domicile familial

Answer

to leave home / the family home

Card 1201.2.4definition
Question

le premier emploi

Answer

the first job

Card 1211.2.4definition
Question

un moment inoubliable

Answer

an unforgettable moment

Card 1221.2.4definition
Question

marquer un tournant

Answer

to mark a turning point

Card 1231.2.4definition
Question

faire ses adieux à / accueillir

Answer

to say goodbye to / to welcome in

Card 1241.2.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 1251.2.4concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — a tick alone, or with the wrong quote, scores zero.

Card 1261.2.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 1271.2.5definition
Question

la coutume

Answer

custom / habit

Card 1281.2.5definition
Question

la tradition

Answer

tradition

Card 1291.2.5definition
Question

la fête (populaire) / le carnaval

Answer

(popular) festival / carnival

Card 1301.2.5definition
Question

le défilé / la parade

Answer

parade / procession

Card 1311.2.5definition
Question

le costume / le déguisement

Answer

costume / fancy dress

Card 1321.2.5definition
Question

le groupe de danseurs

Answer

dance troupe / group of dancers

Card 1331.2.5definition
Question

la recette traditionnelle

Answer

traditional recipe

Card 1341.2.5definition
Question

le patrimoine (immatériel)

Answer

(intangible) heritage

Card 1351.2.5definition
Question

le savoir-faire (artisanal)

Answer

(artisan) know-how / craft skill

Card 1361.2.5definition
Question

sauvegarder / préserver une tradition

Answer

to safeguard / preserve a tradition

Card 1371.2.5definition
Question

transmettre de génération en génération

Answer

to pass on from generation to generation

Card 1381.2.5definition
Question

les racines

Answer

roots (origins)

Card 1391.2.5concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 1401.2.5concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 1411.2.6definition
Question

la migration / migrer

Answer

migration / to migrate

Card 1421.2.6definition
Question

émigrer

Answer

to emigrate (leave your country)

Card 1431.2.6definition
Question

immigrer / un immigré

Answer

to immigrate / an immigrant

Card 1441.2.6definition
Question

un(e) réfugié(e)

Answer

a refugee

Card 1451.2.6definition
Question

un nouvel arrivant

Answer

a newcomer

Card 1461.2.6definition
Question

s'adapter / l'adaptation

Answer

to adapt / adaptation

Card 1471.2.6definition
Question

s'intégrer / l'intégration

Answer

to integrate / integration

Card 1481.2.6definition
Question

la barrière de la langue

Answer

the language barrier

Card 1491.2.6definition
Question

le pays d'accueil

Answer

the host country

Card 1501.2.6definition
Question

une association / un(e) bénévole

Answer

an association (charity) / a volunteer

Card 1511.2.6definition
Question

des cours du soir

Answer

evening classes

Card 1521.2.6definition
Question

vivre entre deux cultures

Answer

to live between two cultures

Card 1531.2.6concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 1541.2.6concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 1551.3.1definition
Question

le divertissement / le loisir

Answer

entertainment / leisure activity

Card 1561.3.1definition
Question

le spectacle

Answer

show / performance

Card 1571.3.1definition
Question

le concert / le festival

Answer

concert / festival

Card 1581.3.1definition
Question

la chanson

Answer

song

Card 1591.3.1definition
Question

le jeu vidéo

Answer

video game

Card 1601.3.1definition
Question

le roman

Answer

novel

Card 1611.3.1definition
Question

passionnant(e)

Answer

gripping / entertaining

Card 1621.3.1definition
Question

ennuyeux / ennuyeuse

Answer

boring

Card 1631.3.1definition
Question

rassembler les gens

Answer

to bring people together

Card 1641.3.1definition
Question

recommander / conseiller

Answer

to recommend / to advise

Card 1651.3.1concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 1661.3.1concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 1671.3.1concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

BOTH the correct tick AND the exact words quoted FROM the text — a tick alone, or a justification alone, scores zero.

Card 1681.3.1concept
Question

What are the defining conventions of an entretien (interview)?

Answer

Introduce the interviewee, then a clear question–answer layout with varied question forms, and a closing line.

Card 1691.3.2definition
Question

l'expression artistique

Answer

artistic expression

Card 1701.3.2definition
Question

l'œuvre (d'art) / la création

Answer

the work (of art) / the creation

Card 1711.3.2definition
Question

le street art / la fresque murale

Answer

street art / the (wall) mural

Card 1721.3.2definition
Question

le graffiti / le tag

Answer

graffiti / a tag

Card 1731.3.2definition
Question

la photographie / le cours de photographie

Answer

photography / a photography course

Card 1741.3.2definition
Question

la pièce de théâtre / le spectacle

Answer

the play / the show

Card 1751.3.2definition
Question

l'atelier (gratuit)

Answer

the (free) workshop

Card 1761.3.2definition
Question

exprimer / faire passer un message

Answer

to express / to convey a message

Card 1771.3.2definition
Question

émouvoir / toucher quelqu'un

Answer

to move / to touch someone

Card 1781.3.2definition
Question

s'exprimer à travers l'art

Answer

to express oneself through art

Card 1791.3.2definition
Question

apprécier / interpréter une œuvre

Answer

to appreciate / to interpret a work

Card 1801.3.2concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 1811.3.2concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 1821.3.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 1831.3.3definition
Question

les réseaux sociaux

Answer

social media / social networks

Card 1841.3.3definition
Question

la plateforme (créative / en ligne)

Answer

the (creative / online) platform

Card 1851.3.3definition
Question

un compte séparé / professionnel

Answer

a separate / professional account

Card 1861.3.3definition
Question

un influenceur / une influenceuse

Answer

an influencer

Card 1871.3.3definition
Question

publier une publication / poster

Answer

to post / to publish a post

Card 1881.3.3definition
Question

partager (une photo, une vidéo)

Answer

to share (a photo, a video)

Card 1891.3.3definition
Question

s'informer / vérifier la source

Answer

to get informed / to check the source

Card 1901.3.3definition
Question

les fausses informations / les fake news

Answer

fake news

Card 1911.3.3definition
Question

la vie privée

Answer

privacy / private life

Card 1921.3.3definition
Question

le harcèlement (en ligne)

Answer

(online) bullying / harassment

Card 1931.3.3concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 1941.3.3concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 1951.3.3concept
Question

Which register suits a social-media post for other young people?

Answer

Informal — short, direct, addressing « toi », with a hook and hashtags.

Card 1961.3.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 1971.3.4definition
Question

la technologie / le numérique

Answer

technology / digital tech

Card 1981.3.4definition
Question

le téléphone portable / l'écran

Answer

mobile phone / screen

Card 1991.3.4definition
Question

l'application / l'appli

Answer

app

Card 2001.3.4definition
Question

les réseaux sociaux

Answer

social media

Card 2011.3.4definition
Question

l'intelligence artificielle (l'IA)

Answer

artificial intelligence (AI)

Card 2021.3.4definition
Question

le robot / l'automate

Answer

robot / automaton

Card 2031.3.4definition
Question

la voiture électrique

Answer

electric car

Card 2041.3.4definition
Question

l'outil

Answer

tool

Card 2051.3.4definition
Question

écologique / respectueux de l'environnement

Answer

ecological / environmentally friendly

Card 2061.3.4definition
Question

utiliser la technologie avec modération

Answer

to use technology in moderation

Card 2071.3.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 2081.3.4concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, certes… mais.

Card 2091.3.4concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 2101.3.4concept
Question

What is the 'réfutation' move in an opinion column?

Answer

Naming the opposing argument, then showing why it doesn't hold — « Certes, on dira que… mais… ».

Card 2111.3.5definition
Question

l'innovation scientifique

Answer

scientific innovation

Card 2121.3.5definition
Question

la recherche / un chercheur, une chercheuse

Answer

research / a researcher

Card 2131.3.5definition
Question

une découverte / découvrir

Answer

a discovery / to discover

Card 2141.3.5definition
Question

les sciences spatiales / l'espace

Answer

space sciences / space

Card 2151.3.5definition
Question

un(e) astronaute / un satellite

Answer

an astronaut / a satellite

Card 2161.3.5definition
Question

l'ingénierie / un ingénieur, une ingénieure

Answer

engineering / an engineer

Card 2171.3.5definition
Question

concevoir / mener des recherches

Answer

to design / to carry out research

Card 2181.3.5definition
Question

résoudre un problème

Answer

to solve a problem

Card 2191.3.5definition
Question

un milieu majoritairement masculin

Answer

a mostly male field/environment

Card 2201.3.5definition
Question

la parité / l'égalité hommes-femmes

Answer

gender balance / gender equality

Card 2211.3.5definition
Question

se fermer des portes

Answer

to limit one's own chances ('shut doors on oneself')

Card 2221.3.5concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 2231.3.5concept
Question

In a « rapport » (report), what register and structure do you use?

Answer

Neutral and objective; titre → objectif → constats → recommandations (no personal blog tone).

Card 2241.3.5concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2251.4.1definition
Question

l'amitié (f)

Answer

friendship

Card 2261.4.1definition
Question

un(e) ami(e) proche / un(e) meilleur(e) ami(e)

Answer

a close friend / a best friend

Card 2271.4.1definition
Question

une simple connaissance

Answer

a mere acquaintance

Card 2281.4.1definition
Question

un(e) ami(e) en ligne / virtuel(le)

Answer

an online / virtual friend

Card 2291.4.1definition
Question

se confier à quelqu'un

Answer

to confide in someone

Card 2301.4.1definition
Question

avoir confiance en quelqu'un

Answer

to trust someone

Card 2311.4.1definition
Question

soutenir quelqu'un / le soutien

Answer

to support someone / support

Card 2321.4.1definition
Question

s'entendre (bien / mal) avec

Answer

to get on (well / badly) with

Card 2331.4.1definition
Question

se disputer / se réconcilier

Answer

to argue / to make up

Card 2341.4.1definition
Question

être fidèle / loyal(e)

Answer

to be faithful / loyal

Card 2351.4.1concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 2361.4.1concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 2371.4.1concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 2381.4.1concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2391.4.2definition
Question

la communauté

Answer

the community

Card 2401.4.2definition
Question

le quartier

Answer

the neighbourhood

Card 2411.4.2definition
Question

les habitants / les voisins

Answer

the residents / the neighbours

Card 2421.4.2definition
Question

une association (de quartier)

Answer

a (neighbourhood) association

Card 2431.4.2definition
Question

l'entraide (f) — s'entraider

Answer

mutual help — to help one another

Card 2441.4.2definition
Question

faire partie de / appartenir à

Answer

to be part of / to belong to

Card 2451.4.2definition
Question

partager les tâches / les frais

Answer

to share the chores / the costs

Card 2461.4.2definition
Question

se réunir / un rassemblement

Answer

to gather / a gathering

Card 2471.4.2definition
Question

le lien social

Answer

the social bond / social ties

Card 2481.4.2definition
Question

s'engager / s'impliquer

Answer

to get involved

Card 2491.4.2concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 2501.4.2concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 2511.4.2concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 2521.4.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2531.4.3definition
Question

s'engager (pour une cause)

Answer

to get involved (for a cause)

Card 2541.4.3definition
Question

le bénévolat — un(e) bénévole

Answer

volunteering — a volunteer

Card 2551.4.3definition
Question

faire du bénévolat

Answer

to volunteer / do volunteer work

Card 2561.4.3definition
Question

une association caritative

Answer

a charity / charitable organisation

Card 2571.4.3definition
Question

aider les plus démunis / les sans-abri

Answer

to help the most deprived / the homeless

Card 2581.4.3definition
Question

une cause qui me tient à cœur

Answer

a cause close to my heart

Card 2591.4.3definition
Question

la solidarité — solidaire

Answer

solidarity — supportive

Card 2601.4.3definition
Question

faire un don / donner de son temps

Answer

to make a donation / to give one's time

Card 2611.4.3definition
Question

sensibiliser (le public)

Answer

to raise (public) awareness

Card 2621.4.3definition
Question

avoir un (grand) impact

Answer

to have a (big) impact

Card 2631.4.3concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 2641.4.3concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 2651.4.3concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 2661.4.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2671.4.4definition
Question

l'école / le lycée / l'établissement scolaire

Answer

school / high school / school institution

Card 2681.4.4definition
Question

un cours — une matière

Answer

a lesson — a (school) subject

Card 2691.4.4definition
Question

les notes — avoir une bonne / mauvaise note

Answer

grades — to get a good / bad grade

Card 2701.4.4definition
Question

réviser — la révision

Answer

to revise / study — revision

Card 2711.4.4definition
Question

un examen — passer / réussir / rater un examen

Answer

an exam — to sit / pass / fail an exam

Card 2721.4.4definition
Question

la pression scolaire — être sous pression

Answer

school pressure — to be under pressure

Card 2731.4.4definition
Question

l'orientation — choisir une filière

Answer

study guidance — to choose a study path

Card 2741.4.4definition
Question

le harcèlement scolaire

Answer

bullying at school

Card 2751.4.4definition
Question

l'enseignement en ligne / à distance

Answer

online / distance learning

Card 2761.4.4definition
Question

faire ses devoirs — un emploi du temps

Answer

to do one's homework — a timetable

Card 2771.4.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 2781.4.4concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 2791.4.4concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 2801.4.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2811.4.5definition
Question

un emploi / un travail

Answer

a job / work

Card 2821.4.5definition
Question

un métier — exercer un métier

Answer

a profession / trade — to practise a profession

Card 2831.4.5definition
Question

un stage — faire un stage

Answer

an internship / work placement — to do an internship

Card 2841.4.5definition
Question

un entretien d'embauche

Answer

a job interview

Card 2851.4.5definition
Question

le télétravail — travailler à distance

Answer

remote working — to work remotely

Card 2861.4.5definition
Question

un salaire — être bien / mal payé(e)

Answer

a salary — to be well / badly paid

Card 2871.4.5definition
Question

le chômage — être au chômage

Answer

unemployment — to be unemployed

Card 2881.4.5definition
Question

l'équilibre vie professionnelle / vie privée

Answer

work-life balance

Card 2891.4.5definition
Question

chercher / trouver un emploi

Answer

to look for / to find a job

Card 2901.4.5definition
Question

un travail qui a du sens / utile

Answer

meaningful / useful work

Card 2911.4.5concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 2921.4.5concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 2931.4.5concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 2941.4.5concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 2951.4.6definition
Question

la loi — une règle

Answer

the law — a rule

Card 2961.4.6definition
Question

le règlement (intérieur)

Answer

the (school / internal) rules

Card 2971.4.6definition
Question

respecter / enfreindre une règle

Answer

to respect / to break a rule

Card 2981.4.6definition
Question

un droit — un devoir

Answer

a right — a duty

Card 2991.4.6definition
Question

la justice — juste / injuste

Answer

justice — fair / unfair

Card 3001.4.6definition
Question

la sécurité — protéger

Answer

safety — to protect

Card 3011.4.6definition
Question

une sanction / une punition

Answer

a sanction / a punishment

Card 3021.4.6definition
Question

la citoyenneté — un(e) citoyen(ne)

Answer

citizenship — a citizen

Card 3031.4.6definition
Question

interdit(e) / autorisé(e)

Answer

forbidden / allowed

Card 3041.4.6definition
Question

la liberté — être responsable

Answer

freedom — to be responsible

Card 3051.4.6concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 3061.4.6concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 3071.4.6concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 3081.4.6concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3091.5.1definition
Question

l'environnement — protéger la planète

Answer

the environment — to protect the planet

Card 3101.5.1definition
Question

le réchauffement climatique

Answer

global warming

Card 3111.5.1definition
Question

la pollution (de l'air) — polluer

Answer

(air) pollution — to pollute

Card 3121.5.1definition
Question

le recyclage — recycler / trier les déchets

Answer

recycling — to recycle / to sort rubbish

Card 3131.5.1definition
Question

le gaspillage — gaspiller

Answer

waste — to waste

Card 3141.5.1definition
Question

les énergies renouvelables

Answer

renewable energy

Card 3151.5.1definition
Question

économiser l'eau et l'électricité

Answer

to save water and electricity

Card 3161.5.1definition
Question

réduire son empreinte carbone

Answer

to reduce one's carbon footprint

Card 3171.5.1definition
Question

les transports en commun — le vélo

Answer

public transport — the bicycle

Card 3181.5.1definition
Question

un petit geste pour la planète

Answer

a small gesture for the planet

Card 3191.5.1concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 3201.5.1concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 3211.5.1concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 3221.5.1concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3231.5.2definition
Question

les droits humains / les droits de l'homme

Answer

human rights

Card 3241.5.2definition
Question

la liberté (d'expression)

Answer

freedom (of expression)

Card 3251.5.2definition
Question

l'égalité — égal(e)

Answer

equality — equal

Card 3261.5.2definition
Question

la discrimination — discriminer

Answer

discrimination — to discriminate

Card 3271.5.2definition
Question

défendre / protéger un droit

Answer

to defend / protect a right

Card 3281.5.2definition
Question

la dignité (humaine)

Answer

(human) dignity

Card 3291.5.2definition
Question

un(e) réfugié(e) — fuir la guerre

Answer

a refugee — to flee the war

Card 3301.5.2definition
Question

accueillir (les migrants)

Answer

to welcome (migrants)

Card 3311.5.2definition
Question

lutter contre l'injustice

Answer

to fight against injustice

Card 3321.5.2definition
Question

ne pas aller de soi

Answer

not to be taken for granted

Card 3331.5.2concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 3341.5.2concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 3351.5.2concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 3361.5.2concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3371.5.3definition
Question

la paix — pacifique

Answer

peace — peaceful

Card 3381.5.3definition
Question

un conflit / une dispute

Answer

a conflict / an argument

Card 3391.5.3definition
Question

la guerre

Answer

war

Card 3401.5.3definition
Question

résoudre / régler un conflit

Answer

to resolve / settle a conflict

Card 3411.5.3definition
Question

le dialogue — dialoguer

Answer

dialogue — to engage in dialogue

Card 3421.5.3definition
Question

un accord / se mettre d'accord

Answer

an agreement / to come to an agreement

Card 3431.5.3definition
Question

la réconciliation / se réconcilier

Answer

reconciliation / to make peace

Card 3441.5.3definition
Question

un médiateur — la médiation

Answer

a mediator — mediation

Card 3451.5.3definition
Question

la solidarité — solidaire

Answer

solidarity — supportive

Card 3461.5.3definition
Question

l'aide humanitaire — un(e) réfugié(e)

Answer

humanitarian aid — a refugee

Card 3471.5.3concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 3481.5.3concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 3491.5.3concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 3501.5.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3511.5.4definition
Question

l'égalité (des chances)

Answer

equality (of opportunity)

Card 3521.5.4definition
Question

les inégalités

Answer

inequalities

Card 3531.5.4definition
Question

avoir les mêmes chances / droits

Answer

to have the same chances / rights

Card 3541.5.4definition
Question

la parité (entre les femmes et les hommes)

Answer

(gender) parity, equal numbers

Card 3551.5.4definition
Question

l'inclusion — inclure / exclure

Answer

inclusion — to include / to exclude

Card 3561.5.4definition
Question

la mixité

Answer

mixing (of girls and boys / groups together)

Card 3571.5.4definition
Question

la discrimination — discriminer

Answer

discrimination — to discriminate

Card 3581.5.4definition
Question

un préjugé / un stéréotype

Answer

a prejudice / a stereotype

Card 3591.5.4definition
Question

lutter contre les préjugés

Answer

to fight against prejudice

Card 3601.5.4definition
Question

une personne en situation de handicap

Answer

a person with a disability

Card 3611.5.4concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 3621.5.4concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 3631.5.4concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 3641.5.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3651.5.5definition
Question

la mondialisation

Answer

globalization

Card 3661.5.5definition
Question

le commerce (international / mondial)

Answer

(international / world) trade

Card 3671.5.5definition
Question

les échanges entre les pays

Answer

trade / exchanges between countries

Card 3681.5.5definition
Question

une multinationale

Answer

a multinational (company)

Card 3691.5.5definition
Question

la diversité culturelle

Answer

cultural diversity

Card 3701.5.5definition
Question

découvrir d'autres cultures

Answer

to discover other cultures

Card 3711.5.5definition
Question

consommer local / acheter local

Answer

to consume local / to buy local

Card 3721.5.5definition
Question

soutenir les producteurs locaux

Answer

to support local producers

Card 3731.5.5definition
Question

les petits commerces (de quartier)

Answer

small (neighbourhood) shops

Card 3741.5.5definition
Question

transporter des marchandises

Answer

to transport goods

Card 3751.5.5concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 3761.5.5concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 3771.5.5concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 3781.5.5concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3791.5.6definition
Question

l'éthique — la morale

Answer

ethics — morality

Card 3801.5.6definition
Question

un dilemme (moral)

Answer

a (moral) dilemma

Card 3811.5.6definition
Question

le bien et le mal

Answer

right and wrong (good and evil)

Card 3821.5.6definition
Question

faire le bon choix / un choix difficile

Answer

to make the right choice / a difficult choice

Card 3831.5.6definition
Question

l'honnêteté — (mal)honnête

Answer

honesty — (dis)honest

Card 3841.5.6definition
Question

le respect (des autres) — respecter

Answer

respect (for others) — to respect

Card 3851.5.6definition
Question

la responsabilité — assumer ses responsabilités

Answer

responsibility — to take one's responsibilities

Card 3861.5.6definition
Question

la conscience — avoir la conscience tranquille

Answer

conscience — to have a clear conscience

Card 3871.5.6definition
Question

mentir — un mensonge

Answer

to lie — a lie

Card 3881.5.6definition
Question

c'est juste / injuste

Answer

it's fair / unfair

Card 3891.5.6concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 3901.5.6concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 3911.5.6concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 3921.5.6concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 3931.5.7definition
Question

la ville — le centre-ville

Answer

the city / town — the city centre

Card 3941.5.7definition
Question

la campagne — un village

Answer

the countryside — a village

Card 3951.5.7definition
Question

un quartier

Answer

a neighbourhood / district

Card 3961.5.7definition
Question

les transports en commun (le métro, le tram, le bus)

Answer

public transport (the underground, tram, bus)

Card 3971.5.7definition
Question

dépendre de la voiture

Answer

to depend on the car

Card 3981.5.7definition
Question

la qualité de vie

Answer

quality of life

Card 3991.5.7definition
Question

le rythme de vie (rapide / lent)

Answer

the pace of life (fast / slow)

Card 4001.5.7definition
Question

l'exode rural

Answer

the rural exodus (people leaving the countryside)

Card 4011.5.7definition
Question

isolé(e) — éloigné(e)

Answer

isolated — remote / far away

Card 4021.5.7definition
Question

la pollution — le bruit / les klaxons

Answer

pollution — noise / car horns

Card 4031.5.7definition
Question

se connaître / s'entraider

Answer

to know one another / to help one another

Card 4041.5.7concept
Question

How do you introduce an opinion in French?

Answer

À mon avis… / De mon point de vue… / Il me semble que…

Card 4051.5.7concept
Question

Give two connectors to link ideas.

Answer

cependant (however), par conséquent (therefore) — also: de plus, bien que.

Card 4061.5.7concept
Question

In « Vrai/Faux + justifiez », what earns the mark?

Answer

The exact words quoted FROM the text that prove your answer — the tick alone scores zero.

Card 4071.5.7concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 4082.1.1concept
Question

Quel pronom utilise un courriel informel ?

Answer

tu / te / toi — jamais vous à un seul ami.

Card 4092.1.1definition
Question

Salut [prénom] ! / Coucou !

Answer

Hi [name]! / Hey! (informal greeting)

Card 4102.1.1definition
Question

Ça va ? / Quoi de neuf ?

Answer

How are you? / What's new? (friendly opener)

Card 4112.1.1definition
Question

Je t'écris parce que…

Answer

I'm writing because… (the opening line)

Card 4122.1.1definition
Question

Devine quoi ! / Figure-toi que…

Answer

Guess what! / Get this… (sharing news)

Card 4132.1.1definition
Question

Ça te dit de…?

Answer

Do you fancy…? (informal invitation)

Card 4142.1.1definition
Question

Réponds-moi vite ! / Dis-moi ce que tu en penses.

Answer

Write back soon! / Tell me what you think. (wrap-up)

Card 4152.1.1definition
Question

Bises, / Gros bisous, / À bientôt,

Answer

Kisses, / Big kisses, / See you soon, (informal sign-off)

Card 4162.1.1concept
Question

Name the 5 parts of an informal email.

Answer

Greeting → opening → body → wrap-up → sign-off.

Card 4172.1.1concept
Question

Which two parts are the 'frame' (Criterion C)?

Answer

The greeting and the sign-off — never drop either.

Card 4182.1.1concept
Question

Give two casual connectors for an informal email.

Answer

du coup (so), en plus (besides) — also: par contre, d'ailleurs.

Card 4192.1.1concept
Question

What tone should an informal email have?

Answer

Warm, personal and chatty — like talking to a friend.

Card 4202.1.1concept
Question

How is an informal email different from a formal letter?

Answer

Informal = tu + Salut… + Bises; formal = vous + Madame/Monsieur + Cordialement.

Card 4212.1.1concept
Question

What should you always do near the end of an informal email?

Answer

Invite a reply and throw a question back to the reader (Ça te dit ? Et toi ?).

Card 4222.1.2definition
Question

l'article (de blog)

Answer

the blog post (entry)

Card 4232.1.2definition
Question

le titre

Answer

the headline / title (often a question)

Card 4242.1.2definition
Question

l'accroche / l'introduction

Answer

the hook / the intro

Card 4252.1.2definition
Question

la voix personnelle

Answer

the personal, opinionated voice

Card 4262.1.2definition
Question

les commentaires

Answer

the comments (readers reply below)

Card 4272.1.2definition
Question

Salut à tous !

Answer

Hi everyone! (public greeting)

Card 4282.1.2definition
Question

Aujourd'hui, je veux vous parler de…

Answer

Today I want to talk to you about…

Card 4292.1.2definition
Question

Et vous, qu'en pensez-vous ?

Answer

And you, what do you think?

Card 4302.1.2definition
Question

Je vous raconte mon expérience…

Answer

Let me tell you my experience…

Card 4312.1.2definition
Question

À très bientôt !

Answer

See you very soon! (upbeat close)

Card 4322.1.2concept
Question

Which register does a blog use?

Answer

Informal but public — vous / general tu, a lively personal voice; never a stiff, very formal tone.

Card 4332.1.2concept
Question

Name the five parts of a blog post.

Answer

Catchy title → hook/intro → body → question to readers → upbeat close.

Card 4342.1.2concept
Question

Which criterion rewards the blog's conventions?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — catchy title, personal voice, question to readers, consistent register.

Card 4352.1.2concept
Question

Give one blog hook and one blog close.

Answer

Hook: « Salut à tous ! Aujourd'hui, je veux vous parler de… » Close: « Et vous, qu'en pensez-vous ? À très bientôt ! »

Card 4362.1.3definition
Question

le journal intime

Answer

the personal diary

Card 4372.1.3definition
Question

une page de journal

Answer

a diary entry (one dated piece)

Card 4382.1.3definition
Question

la date

Answer

the date (every entry begins with one)

Card 4392.1.3definition
Question

le registre intime

Answer

intimate register (je, first person)

Card 4402.1.3definition
Question

Cher journal,

Answer

Dear diary, (the opening)

Card 4412.1.3definition
Question

Aujourd'hui a été une journée…

Answer

Today has been a … day…

Card 4422.1.3definition
Question

Je me sens…

Answer

I feel… (happy / sad / stressed)

Card 4432.1.3definition
Question

Je n'arrête pas de penser à…

Answer

I can't stop thinking about…

Card 4442.1.3definition
Question

Demain, j'espère…

Answer

Tomorrow I hope…

Card 4452.1.3definition
Question

Bonne nuit, cher journal.

Answer

Good night, dear diary.

Card 4462.1.3concept
Question

Which register does a personal diary use?

Answer

Intimate — first person (je), a private reflective tone; no reader is addressed.

Card 4472.1.3concept
Question

Name the five parts of a personal diary entry.

Answer

Date → opening (Cher journal) → what happened → feelings & reflection → looking ahead / close.

Card 4482.1.3concept
Question

Which criterion rewards the diary's conventions?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — the date, « Cher journal », intimate register, reflection.

Card 4492.1.3concept
Question

Give one diary opening and one diary close.

Answer

Opening: « Cher journal, aujourd'hui a été une journée… » Close: « Demain, j'espère… Bonne nuit, cher journal. »

Card 4502.1.4definition
Question

une publication / un post

Answer

a social media post

Card 4512.1.4definition
Question

les abonné(e)s / les followers

Answer

the followers (your audience)

Card 4522.1.4definition
Question

une accroche

Answer

a hook (the attention-grabbing first line)

Card 4532.1.4definition
Question

un appel à l'action

Answer

a call to action (share, tag, sign up…)

Card 4542.1.4definition
Question

un hashtag / un mot-clic (#)

Answer

a hashtag

Card 4552.1.4definition
Question

partager / identifier (taguer)

Answer

to share / to tag someone

Card 4562.1.4definition
Question

Le saviez-vous ?

Answer

Did you know? (a hook)

Card 4572.1.4definition
Question

Partagez cette publication ! 👉

Answer

Share this post! 👉 (a call to action)

Card 4582.1.4definition
Question

Identifiez un(e) ami(e) qui…

Answer

Tag a friend who…

Card 4592.1.4definition
Question

On compte sur vous ! 💚

Answer

We're counting on you! 💚 (a close)

Card 4602.1.4concept
Question

Which register does a social media post use?

Answer

Close and direct — tu (one reader) or vous (the group); lively, with emojis. Never the formal vous of a business letter.

Card 4612.1.4concept
Question

Name the five parts of a social media post.

Answer

Hook → greeting → message (what/when/where) → call to action → hashtags.

Card 4622.1.4concept
Question

Which criterion rewards the post's conventions?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — the hook, the call to action, the hashtags, the direct tone.

Card 4632.1.4concept
Question

Give one hook and one call to action for a post.

Answer

Hook: « 🌱 Le saviez-vous ? » Call to action: « 👉 Partagez et identifiez un(e) ami(e) ! »

Card 4642.2.1concept
Question

Quel pronom utilise une lettre formelle ?

Answer

vous / votre — jamais tu, même à une seule personne.

Card 4652.2.1definition
Question

Madame, Monsieur, / Madame la Directrice,

Answer

Dear Sir or Madam, / Dear Madam (Head), (formal greeting)

Card 4662.2.1definition
Question

Je me permets de vous écrire au sujet de…

Answer

I am writing to you concerning… (the opening line)

Card 4672.2.1definition
Question

Je vous écris afin de…

Answer

I am writing in order to… (formal opening)

Card 4682.2.1definition
Question

Je vous serais reconnaissant·e de bien vouloir…

Answer

I would be grateful if you would kindly… (polite request)

Card 4692.2.1definition
Question

Je souhaiterais savoir…

Answer

I should like to know… (softened, conditional request)

Card 4702.2.1definition
Question

Dans l'attente de votre réponse,

Answer

Awaiting your reply, (formal closing line)

Card 4712.2.1definition
Question

Je vous prie d'agréer, Madame, Monsieur, mes salutations distinguées.

Answer

Yours faithfully, (the formal sign-off formula)

Card 4722.2.1concept
Question

Name the 5 parts of a formal letter.

Answer

Date + greeting → opening → body → close → sign-off.

Card 4732.2.1concept
Question

Which elements are the 'frame' (Criterion C)?

Answer

The date + formal greeting and the formal sign-off — never drop either.

Card 4742.2.1concept
Question

Give two formal connectors for a formal letter.

Answer

par ailleurs (moreover), c'est pourquoi (that is why) — also: en effet, toutefois.

Card 4752.2.1concept
Question

What tone should a formal letter have?

Answer

Polite, respectful and measured — never chatty.

Card 4762.2.1concept
Question

How is a formal letter different from an informal email?

Answer

Formal = vous + Madame, Monsieur, + Je vous prie d'agréer…; informal = tu + Salut… + Bises.

Card 4772.2.1concept
Question

How do you soften a request to sound formal?

Answer

Use the conditional: « Je souhaiterais… », « Je vous serais reconnaissant de bien vouloir… ».

Card 4782.2.2concept
Question

Quel pronom / quelle forme utilise un rapport ?

Answer

L'impersonnel : on / le passif (« on observe », « il est recommandé ») — pas de je.

Card 4792.2.2definition
Question

Rapport sur… / Compte rendu de…

Answer

Report on… / Account of… (the title that names the subject)

Card 4802.2.2definition
Question

Ce rapport a pour but d'analyser…

Answer

The aim of this report is to analyse… (the introduction line)

Card 4812.2.2definition
Question

D'après les données, on observe que…

Answer

According to the data, it is observed that… (presenting a finding)

Card 4822.2.2definition
Question

On constate que… / La majorité des…

Answer

It is found that… / The majority of… (impersonal findings)

Card 4832.2.2definition
Question

Il est recommandé de…

Answer

It is recommended to… (the impersonal recommendation)

Card 4842.2.2definition
Question

Il conviendrait de… / Il serait souhaitable de…

Answer

It would be advisable to… / It would be desirable to… (softened recommendations)

Card 4852.2.2definition
Question

En somme, … / Pour conclure, …

Answer

In short, … / To conclude, … (the closing line, no new data)

Card 4862.2.2concept
Question

Name the 5 parts of a report.

Answer

Title → Introduction → Constats (findings) → Recommandations → Conclusion.

Card 4872.2.2concept
Question

Which elements are the 'frame' (Criterion C) of a report?

Answer

A title + section headings (Constats, Recommandations) and recommendations at the end.

Card 4882.2.2concept
Question

Give two analytical connectors for a report.

Answer

d'après les données (according to the data), par conséquent (consequently) — also: en effet, en somme.

Card 4892.2.2concept
Question

What tone should a report have?

Answer

Neutral, objective and factual — data and findings, never personal feelings.

Card 4902.2.2concept
Question

How is a report different from a blog?

Answer

Report = impersonal on + title/headings + recommendations; blog = je + personal experience + feelings.

Card 4912.2.2concept
Question

How do you keep a recommendation impersonal?

Answer

Use « Il est recommandé de… » or « Il conviendrait de… » — never « Tu dois… » or « Je veux que… ».

Card 4922.2.3concept
Question

Quel pronom / quel registre utilise une proposition ?

Answer

Le formel : vous au lecteur, je pour soi — pas de tu, pas d'argot. Ton poli et persuasif.

Card 4932.2.3definition
Question

Proposition : … / Projet de…

Answer

Proposal: … / Plan for… (the title that names the plan)

Card 4942.2.3definition
Question

Je me permets de vous adresser cette proposition afin de…

Answer

I am writing to put forward this proposal in order to… (the opening / aim line)

Card 4952.2.3definition
Question

En effet, … / Actuellement, …

Answer

Indeed, … / Currently, … (introduce the context that justifies the plan)

Card 4962.2.3definition
Question

Je propose que… / Il serait souhaitable de…

Answer

I propose that… / It would be desirable to… (introduce the proposal)

Card 4972.2.3definition
Question

Ce qui permettrait de… / Cette mesure profiterait à…

Answer

Which would make it possible to… / This measure would benefit… (state the benefit)

Card 4982.2.3definition
Question

Je vous serais reconnaissant de bien vouloir étudier cette proposition.

Answer

I would be grateful if you would consider this proposal. (the courteous final request)

Card 4992.2.3definition
Question

Veuillez agréer… mes salutations distinguées.

Answer

Yours faithfully… (the formal sign-off after the request)

Card 5002.2.3concept
Question

Name the 5 parts of a proposal.

Answer

Title → Objet/aim → Context → Proposal + benefits → Final request (with sign-off).

Card 5012.2.3concept
Question

Which elements are the 'frame' (Criterion C) of a proposal?

Answer

A title + an aim, a justified proposal and a final request for approval.

Card 5022.2.3concept
Question

Give two persuasive connectors for a proposal.

Answer

en effet (indeed), ce qui permettrait de… (which would allow…) — also: c'est pourquoi, pour ces raisons.

Card 5032.2.3concept
Question

What tone should a proposal have?

Answer

Formal and persuasive — you convince an authority with reasons and benefits, politely (vous), never with slang or pressure.

Card 5042.2.3concept
Question

How is a proposal different from a complaint?

Answer

Proposal = constructive: a plan + benefits + a request for approval; complaint = protests about a problem and demands a fix.

Card 5052.2.3concept
Question

How do you keep the final request polite?

Answer

Use « Je vous serais reconnaissant de bien vouloir… » — never « Tu dois… » or a blunt demand.

Card 5062.2.4definition
Question

le mode d'emploi / un jeu d'instructions

Answer

a set of instructions / how-to

Card 5072.2.4definition
Question

le titre

Answer

the title (says what to make/do)

Card 5082.2.4definition
Question

l'étape (f.)

Answer

the step

Card 5092.2.4definition
Question

l'impératif (m.)

Answer

the imperative (command form: épluche, ajoute)

Card 5102.2.4definition
Question

l'avertissement / le conseil

Answer

the warning / a tip to be careful

Card 5112.2.4definition
Question

Avant de commencer, il te faut…

Answer

Before you start, you need…

Card 5122.2.4definition
Question

D'abord,… Ensuite,…

Answer

First,… Next,…

Card 5132.2.4definition
Question

Après,… Enfin,…

Answer

Then,… Finally,…

Card 5142.2.4definition
Question

Assure-toi de…

Answer

Make sure you…

Card 5152.2.4definition
Question

Fais attention à…

Answer

Be careful with…

Card 5162.2.4concept
Question

Which register does a set of instructions use?

Answer

A command register — imperative (épluche) or infinitive (éplucher); precise, ordered, direct; never tentative.

Card 5172.2.4concept
Question

Name the five parts of a set of instructions.

Answer

Title → what you need → numbered steps → tip/warning → encouraging close.

Card 5182.2.4concept
Question

Which criterion rewards the instructions' conventions?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — title, list of what's needed, ordered steps, consistent command form.

Card 5192.2.4concept
Question

Give two sequence connectors for the steps.

Answer

« D'abord,… » and « Ensuite,… » (also « Après,… », « Enfin,… »).

Card 5202.3.1definition
Question

un article

Answer

an article (magazine / newspaper / website text)

Card 5212.3.1definition
Question

le titre (d'un article)

Answer

the headline

Card 5222.3.1definition
Question

le chapeau / l'accroche

Answer

the stand-first / the hook (opening line)

Card 5232.3.1definition
Question

le corps de l'article

Answer

the body of the article

Card 5242.3.1definition
Question

la conclusion

Answer

the conclusion / rounded close

Card 5252.3.1definition
Question

le grand public / le lecteur

Answer

the general public / the reader

Card 5262.3.1definition
Question

informer et capter l'attention

Answer

to inform and grab attention

Card 5272.3.1definition
Question

une citation — « … », explique …

Answer

a quotation — '…', explains …

Card 5282.3.1definition
Question

un fait surprenant

Answer

a surprising fact

Card 5292.3.1concept
Question

Who is an article written for?

Answer

The general reader / a wide audience — NOT one named person.

Card 5302.3.1concept
Question

Name the four parts of an article.

Answer

Le titre (headline), l'accroche (hook), le corps (body), la conclusion.

Card 5312.3.1concept
Question

What register does an article use?

Answer

Semi-formal: informative but lively, in the 3rd person — no « Salut ! », no « Cordialement ».

Card 5322.3.1concept
Question

Give one phrase to hook the reader.

Answer

« De nos jours, de plus en plus de… » / « Saviez-vous que… ? » / « Que se cache-t-il derrière… ? »

Card 5332.3.1concept
Question

Give one phrase to close an article.

Answer

« En somme,… » / « En définitive,… » / « Tout porte à croire que… » — never a sign-off.

Card 5342.3.2definition
Question

une chronique d'opinion / une tribune

Answer

an opinion column (newspaper/blog opinion text)

Card 5352.3.2definition
Question

le titre (d'une chronique)

Answer

the headline

Card 5362.3.2definition
Question

la thèse / la prise de position

Answer

the stance / the position taken

Card 5372.3.2definition
Question

un argument / un contre-argument

Answer

an argument / a counter-argument

Card 5382.3.2definition
Question

l'objection / la concession

Answer

the objection / the concession (the other side)

Card 5392.3.2definition
Question

la conclusion (forte)

Answer

the (forceful) conclusion

Card 5402.3.2definition
Question

persuader / convaincre le lecteur

Answer

to persuade / convince the reader

Card 5412.3.2definition
Question

une question rhétorique

Answer

a rhetorical question

Card 5422.3.2definition
Question

un avis / un point de vue

Answer

an opinion / a point of view

Card 5432.3.2concept
Question

Who is an opinion column written for, and what is its purpose?

Answer

The general reader of a paper/blog — its purpose is to defend a point of view and persuade.

Card 5442.3.2concept
Question

Name the five parts of an opinion column.

Answer

Le titre (headline), la thèse (stance), les arguments (body), l'objection (other side), la conclusion forte.

Card 5452.3.2concept
Question

What register does an opinion column use?

Answer

Persuasive and personal, in the 1st person — a clear stance, never a neutral news tone; no « Salut ! », no « Cordialement ».

Card 5462.3.2concept
Question

Give one phrase to state your stance.

Answer

« À mon avis,… » / « Je suis convaincu(e) que… » / « Il me semble évident que… »

Card 5472.3.2concept
Question

Give one phrase to acknowledge the other side, then answer it.

Answer

« Certes…, cependant… » / « Certes…, pourtant… » — concede a point, then refute it.

Card 5482.3.3definition
Question

une critique

Answer

a review

Card 5492.3.3definition
Question

Je viens de voir / lire…

Answer

I have just seen / read…

Card 5502.3.3definition
Question

Il s'agit de… / Cela raconte l'histoire de…

Answer

It is about… / It tells the story of…

Card 5512.3.3definition
Question

Sans rien dévoiler,…

Answer

Without giving anything away,… (no spoilers)

Card 5522.3.3definition
Question

Le meilleur, c'est…

Answer

The best thing is…

Card 5532.3.3definition
Question

Le seul défaut, c'est…

Answer

The only flaw is…

Card 5542.3.3definition
Question

Je le/la recommande (vivement) à…

Answer

I (strongly) recommend it to…

Card 5552.3.3definition
Question

En somme, / Pour conclure,…

Answer

All in all, / To conclude,…

Card 5562.3.3definition
Question

réalisé(e) par… / écrit(e) par…

Answer

directed by… / written by…

Card 5572.3.3definition
Question

pour les amateurs de…

Answer

for fans of…

Card 5582.3.3concept
Question

What four moves does a review make?

Answer

Title → brief summary (no spoilers) → opinion with reasons (a strength AND a weakness) → recommendation.

Card 5592.3.3concept
Question

Which register suits a review, and why?

Answer

Semi-formal and evaluative, first person — you describe and give your opinion to a general reader.

Card 5602.3.3concept
Question

Why give a weakness as well as a strength?

Answer

A balanced judgement sounds like a real review and develops Criterion B; an all-positive review reads like an advert.

Card 5612.3.3concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 5622.3.4definition
Question

un entretien / une interview

Answer

an interview

Card 5632.3.4definition
Question

l'intervieweur / le journaliste

Answer

the interviewer / journalist

Card 5642.3.4definition
Question

l'invité(e) / la personne interrogée

Answer

the guest / the person being interviewed

Card 5652.3.4definition
Question

poser une question

Answer

to ask a question

Card 5662.3.4definition
Question

présenter l'invité(e)

Answer

to introduce the guest

Card 5672.3.4definition
Question

remercier l'invité(e)

Answer

to thank the guest

Card 5682.3.4concept
Question

Aujourd'hui, nous recevons…

Answer

Today, we welcome… (to introduce the guest)

Card 5692.3.4concept
Question

Pour terminer, merci de votre temps.

Answer

To finish, thank you for your time. (to close)

Card 5702.3.4concept
Question

Quel conseil donneriez-vous à… ?

Answer

What advice would you give to…? (open question, polite conditional)

Card 5712.3.4concept
Question

Which register does an interview use?

Answer

Semi-formal — vous, polite and curious, kept consistent (never mix with tu).

Card 5722.3.4concept
Question

What are the three moves of an interview?

Answer

Introduce the guest → alternate question–answer pairs → thank and close.

Card 5732.3.4concept
Question

Why open questions, not yes/no?

Answer

Open questions (Comment…? Pourquoi…?) get developed answers, which raise Criterion B; yes/no gets a one-word reply.

Card 5742.3.4concept
Question

What marks each turn of speech in a written interview?

Answer

A dash (—) at the start of each line, alternating journalist's question and guest's answer.

Card 5752.3.4concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 5762.3.5definition
Question

un discours

Answer

a speech

Card 5772.3.5definition
Question

l'orateur / l'oratrice

Answer

the speaker

Card 5782.3.5definition
Question

le public / l'auditoire

Answer

the audience

Card 5792.3.5definition
Question

s'adresser au public

Answer

to address the audience

Card 5802.3.5definition
Question

un appel à l'action

Answer

a call to action (to close a speech)

Card 5812.3.5definition
Question

une question rhétorique

Answer

a rhetorical question (the hook of a speech)

Card 5822.3.5concept
Question

Mesdames et messieurs, chers camarades…

Answer

Ladies and gentlemen, dear classmates… (to greet the audience)

Card 5832.3.5concept
Question

Je vous remercie de votre attention.

Answer

Thank you for your attention. (to close a speech)

Card 5842.3.5concept
Question

Combien d'entre vous… ?

Answer

How many of you…? (a rhetorical hook that engages the audience)

Card 5852.3.5concept
Question

Which register/tone does a speech use?

Answer

Formal but rousing — vous, dignified yet warm and energetic, never flat like a report.

Card 5862.3.5concept
Question

What are the four moves of a speech?

Answer

Greet the audience → hook them → develop signposted arguments → call to action and thanks.

Card 5872.3.5concept
Question

What is a tricolon and why use it?

Answer

Three short parallel phrases (« une porte, un voyage, une rencontre ») — the rule of three gives a memorable rhythm and lifts Criteria B and C.

Card 5882.3.5concept
Question

How do you signpost arguments in a speech?

Answer

Premièrement… deuxièmement… enfin… — flag each point so the audience can follow the reasoning.

Card 5892.3.5concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 5902.3.6definition
Question

une brochure / un dépliant

Answer

a brochure / a leaflet

Card 5912.3.6definition
Question

un slogan

Answer

a slogan / a catchy line

Card 5922.3.6definition
Question

un titre accrocheur

Answer

a catchy headline / title

Card 5932.3.6definition
Question

un appel à l'action

Answer

a call to action (to close a brochure)

Card 5942.3.6definition
Question

une liste à puces (✓)

Answer

a bullet-point list

Card 5952.3.6definition
Question

Découvrez… ! / Profitez de… !

Answer

Discover…! / Make the most of…! (imperative hook)

Card 5962.3.6definition
Question

Qu'est-ce qu'on te propose ?

Answer

What do we offer you?

Card 5972.3.6definition
Question

N'attends plus, inscris-toi dès aujourd'hui !

Answer

Don't wait any longer, sign up today!

Card 5982.3.6definition
Question

Rejoins-nous et…

Answer

Join us and…

Card 5992.3.6definition
Question

un registre persuasif

Answer

a persuasive register

Card 6002.3.6concept
Question

Which register does a brochure use?

Answer

Persuasive and practical — short sentences, direct appeals with the imperative, concrete details; not academic, and no greeting or sign-off.

Card 6012.3.6concept
Question

Name the five parts of a brochure.

Answer

Title/slogan → inviting intro → sections with headings (bullets) → practical details → call to action.

Card 6022.3.6concept
Question

Which criterion rewards the brochure's conventions?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — title/slogan, bullet-point sections, call to action.

Card 6032.3.6concept
Question

Give one brochure hook and one call to action.

Answer

Hook: « Découvrez… ! » Call to action: « Inscris-toi dès aujourd'hui ! »

Card 6042.3.7definition
Question

un reportage / un fait divers

Answer

a news report / a news item

Card 6052.3.7definition
Question

le titre

Answer

the headline (of a news report)

Card 6062.3.7definition
Question

le chapeau

Answer

the lead paragraph — the key facts up front

Card 6072.3.7definition
Question

une source

Answer

a source (whom a fact is attributed to)

Card 6082.3.7definition
Question

une citation

Answer

a quotation, in direct speech

Card 6092.3.7definition
Question

informer

Answer

to inform — the purpose of a news report

Card 6102.3.7concept
Question

Selon… / D'après…

Answer

According to… (to attribute a fact to a source)

Card 6112.3.7concept
Question

« … », a déclaré le maire.

Answer

'…', said the mayor. (to introduce a quotation)

Card 6122.3.7concept
Question

Pour le moment, le groupe organise…

Answer

For the moment, the group is organising… (a neutral, forward-looking close)

Card 6132.3.7concept
Question

Which register/tone does a news report use?

Answer

Objective and neutral — third person, past (passé composé), no « je », no opinion.

Card 6142.3.7concept
Question

What are the four moves of a news report?

Answer

Headline (titre) → lead (chapeau, the five W's) → body (attributed facts + a quote) → neutral close.

Card 6152.3.7concept
Question

What are the five W's in the lead?

Answer

Qui, quoi, où, quand, pourquoi — who, what, where, when, why — packed into the chapeau.

Card 6162.3.7concept
Question

How do you keep a report objective?

Answer

Attribute every fact to a source (« selon… »), stay in the third person and the past, and replace opinion with a concrete fact.

Card 6172.3.7concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 6182.3.8definition
Question

un essai (argumentatif)

Answer

an (argumentative) essay

Card 6192.3.8definition
Question

une problématique

Answer

the central debatable question of an essay

Card 6202.3.8definition
Question

une accroche

Answer

an opening hook that introduces the topic

Card 6212.3.8definition
Question

l'annonce du plan

Answer

the announcement of the essay's plan (in the introduction)

Card 6222.3.8definition
Question

un connecteur logique

Answer

a logical connector / linking word (d'une part, toutefois…)

Card 6232.3.8definition
Question

une conclusion raisonnée

Answer

a reasoned conclusion (gives a balanced opinion)

Card 6242.3.8concept
Question

De nos jours, on se demande si…

Answer

Nowadays, people wonder whether… (to open an essay)

Card 6252.3.8concept
Question

D'une part… d'autre part…

Answer

On the one hand… on the other hand… (to balance both sides)

Card 6262.3.8concept
Question

En conclusion, il me semble que…

Answer

In conclusion, it seems to me that… (to open a reasoned conclusion)

Card 6272.3.8concept
Question

Which register/tone does an essay use?

Answer

Formal and impersonal — on / il semble que, objective and balanced, never a chatty tu or a rant.

Card 6282.3.8concept
Question

What are the three moves of an essay?

Answer

Introduce the debate (hook + question + plan) → argue both sides with connectors → reasoned conclusion.

Card 6292.3.8concept
Question

Where do you give your own opinion in an essay?

Answer

Only in the conclusion — the body weighs both sides objectively before you take a reasoned, qualified view.

Card 6302.3.8concept
Question

Name two connectors that contrast two arguments.

Answer

Toutefois / cependant / néanmoins (however / nevertheless) and d'autre part (on the other hand).

Card 6312.3.8concept
Question

Name the three Paper 1 criteria.

Answer

A Language (12), B Message (12), C Conceptual understanding (6).

Card 6323.1.1definition
Question

le présent des verbes en -er

Answer

the present tense of -er verbs (the biggest, most regular group)

Card 6333.1.1definition
Question

le radical (the stem)

Answer

what is left after you drop -er (parler → parl-)

Card 6343.1.1definition
Question

la terminaison

Answer

the ending you add to the stem (-e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent)

Card 6353.1.1concept
Question

PARLER — the six present endings

Answer

je parle, tu parles, il/elle parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent

Card 6363.1.1concept
Question

Which -er endings are SILENT?

Answer

-e, -es and -ent are silent (je parle / tu parles / ils parlent sound the same); only -ons and -ez are heard.

Card 6373.1.1concept
Question

nous + -er verb ending

Answer

-ons → nous parlons, nous aimons, nous travaillons

Card 6383.1.1concept
Question

vous + -er verb ending

Answer

-ez → vous parlez, vous aimez, vous regardez

Card 6393.1.1concept
Question

ils/elles + -er verb ending

Answer

-ent (silent) → ils parlent, elles aiment

Card 6403.1.1concept
Question

je → j' before a vowel/h

Answer

élision: j'aime, j'habite, j'écoute (never « je aime »)

Card 6413.1.1concept
Question

manger — nous form?

Answer

nous mangeons — keep the e before -ons so the g stays soft.

Card 6423.1.1concept
Question

commencer — nous form?

Answer

nous commençons — the cédille ç keeps the soft 's' sound before -ons.

Card 6433.1.1concept
Question

appeler — je form?

Answer

j'appelle — double the l (but nous appelons keeps one l).

Card 6443.1.1concept
Question

acheter / préférer — je form?

Answer

j'achète, je préfère — add/change to è (nous achetons, nous préférons keep the plain stem).

Card 6453.1.1concept
Question

When do you use the French present?

Answer

Habits & routines, general truths, what's happening now, and the near future with a time word (demain, ce soir).

Card 6463.1.1concept
Question

« Je parle » — how many English meanings?

Answer

Three: I speak / I am speaking / I do speak. French uses one word — never « je suis parle ».

Card 6473.1.2definition
Question

finir → je / nous

Answer

je finis · nous finissons (to finish) — -ir « finir » type, -iss- in the plural

Card 6483.1.2definition
Question

choisir → tu / vous

Answer

tu choisis · vous choisissez (to choose) — -ir « finir » type

Card 6493.1.2definition
Question

réfléchir → il / ils

Answer

il réfléchit · ils réfléchissent (to think / reflect) — -ir « finir » type

Card 6503.1.2definition
Question

réussir → je / ils

Answer

je réussis · ils réussissent (to succeed) — -ir « finir » type

Card 6513.1.2definition
Question

vendre → je / il

Answer

je vends · il vend (to sell) — -re type; NO ending on « il »

Card 6523.1.2definition
Question

attendre → tu / nous

Answer

tu attends · nous attendons (to wait for) — -re type

Card 6533.1.2definition
Question

répondre → elle / ils

Answer

elle répond · ils répondent (to answer) — -re type

Card 6543.1.2definition
Question

entendre → j' / vous

Answer

j'entends · vous entendez (to hear) — -re type

Card 6553.1.2definition
Question

partir → je / nous

Answer

je pars · nous partons (to leave) — « partir » type: drops the -t- in the singular, NO -iss-

Card 6563.1.2definition
Question

dormir → je / ils

Answer

je dors · ils dorment (to sleep) — « partir » type, NO -iss-

Card 6573.1.2concept
Question

What endings do « finir »-type -ir verbs take?

Answer

-is · -is · -it · -issons · -issez · -issent — the -iss- appears in nous, vous and ils.

Card 6583.1.2concept
Question

What endings do « vendre »-type -re verbs take?

Answer

-s · -s · -∅ · -ons · -ez · -ent — note there is NO ending on the il/elle form (il vend).

Card 6593.1.2concept
Question

How is the « partir » family different from « finir »?

Answer

partir, sortir, dormir, sentir, servir drop the last stem consonant in the singular (je pars, je dors) and take NO -iss-.

Card 6603.1.2concept
Question

What are the two most common -ir/-re errors?

Answer

Forgetting the -iss- in finir-type plurals (« finons » instead of « finissons ») and adding an ending to the il form of an -re verb (« vendt » instead of « vend »).

Card 6613.1.3definition
Question

être → présent

Answer

je suis · tu es · il/elle est · nous sommes · vous êtes · ils/elles sont

Card 6623.1.3definition
Question

avoir → présent

Answer

j'ai · tu as · il/elle a · nous avons · vous avez · ils/elles ont

Card 6633.1.3definition
Question

aller → présent

Answer

je vais · tu vas · il/elle va · nous allons · vous allez · ils/elles vont

Card 6643.1.3definition
Question

faire → présent

Answer

je fais · tu fais · il/elle fait · nous faisons · vous faites · ils/elles font

Card 6653.1.3definition
Question

prendre → présent

Answer

je prends · tu prends · il/elle prend · nous prenons · vous prenez · ils/elles prennent

Card 6663.1.3definition
Question

venir → présent

Answer

je viens · tu viens · il/elle vient · nous venons · vous venez · ils/elles viennent

Card 6673.1.3definition
Question

pouvoir → présent

Answer

je peux · tu peux · il/elle peut · nous pouvons · vous pouvez · ils/elles peuvent

Card 6683.1.3definition
Question

vouloir → présent

Answer

je veux · tu veux · il/elle veut · nous voulons · vous voulez · ils/elles veulent

Card 6693.1.3definition
Question

devoir → présent

Answer

je dois · tu dois · il/elle doit · nous devons · vous devez · ils/elles doivent

Card 6703.1.3concept
Question

How does French say «I am 16 years old»?

Answer

« J'ai seize ans. » — age uses AVOIR, not être (literally 'I have 16 years').

Card 6713.1.3concept
Question

How do you say the near future, e.g. «I'm going to eat»?

Answer

aller + infinitive — « je vais manger ». No « à » before the infinitive.

Card 6723.1.3concept
Question

What follows pouvoir, vouloir and devoir?

Answer

An infinitive with no «to»: « je peux venir », « je veux partir », « je dois travailler ».

Card 6733.1.3concept
Question

Which «vous» forms break the usual -ez ending?

Answer

vous êtes, vous faites, vous dites — the three star irregulars.

Card 6743.1.3concept
Question

How do you say «I'm hungry» / «I'm cold» in French?

Answer

« J'ai faim » / « J'ai froid » — feelings like these use AVOIR, not être.

Card 6753.1.4definition
Question

un verbe pronominal

Answer

a reflexive verb — its infinitive carries «se» (se laver, se lever)

Card 6763.1.4definition
Question

le pronom réfléchi

Answer

the reflexive pronoun — me · te · se · nous · vous · se

Card 6773.1.4definition
Question

se laver

Answer

to wash oneself — «je me lave» (I wash myself)

Card 6783.1.4definition
Question

se lever

Answer

to get up — «je me lève» (note the è: lève, lèves, lève, lèvent)

Card 6793.1.4definition
Question

s'appeler

Answer

to be called — «je m'appelle…» (literally: I call myself…)

Card 6803.1.4definition
Question

s'habiller

Answer

to get dressed — «je m'habille» (s' before a silent h)

Card 6813.1.4definition
Question

se coucher

Answer

to go to bed — «je me couche tôt» (I go to bed early)

Card 6823.1.4definition
Question

se dépêcher

Answer

to hurry up — «dépêche-toi !» (hurry up!)

Card 6833.1.4concept
Question

How does a reflexive verb work?

Answer

The subject does the action to itself: subject + reflexive pronoun (me/te/se/nous/vous/se) + verb — «je me lave» = I wash myself.

Card 6843.1.4concept
Question

Which pronoun goes with which subject?

Answer

je→me · tu→te · il/elle/on→se · nous→nous · vous→vous · ils/elles→se. The pronoun must match the subject.

Card 6853.1.4concept
Question

Where does the reflexive pronoun go?

Answer

Right BEFORE the conjugated verb: «je me lave», «tu te lèves». Never after the verb.

Card 6863.1.4concept
Question

When does me/te/se become m'/t'/s'?

Answer

Before a vowel or a silent h: «je m'appelle», «il s'habille», «tu t'amuses».

Card 6873.1.4concept
Question

How do you make a reflexive verb negative?

Answer

Wrap ne…pas around the pronoun + verb: «je ne me lève pas tôt» (ne + me + lève + pas).

Card 6883.1.4concept
Question

What is the most common reflexive error?

Answer

Dropping the pronoun («je lève» for «I get up») or using the wrong one («je se lave»). Keep it and match it to the subject.

Card 6893.2.1definition
Question

le passé composé

Answer

the compound past — the everyday tense for completed actions (auxiliary + past participle)

Card 6903.2.1definition
Question

manger → j'…

Answer

j'ai mangé (I ate / I have eaten — avoir + participle -é)

Card 6913.2.1definition
Question

finir → tu…

Answer

tu as fini (you finished — avoir + participle -i)

Card 6923.2.1definition
Question

vendre → il / elle…

Answer

il a vendu / elle a vendu (he/she sold — avoir + participle -u)

Card 6933.2.1definition
Question

aller → je…

Answer

je suis allé(e) (I went — être + agreement)

Card 6943.2.1definition
Question

aller → elle / elles

Answer

elle est allée / elles sont allées (she/they-f went — être, feminine agreement)

Card 6953.2.1concept
Question

How do you form a regular past participle?

Answer

-er → -é (parlé), -ir → -i (fini), -re → -u (vendu).

Card 6963.2.1concept
Question

Which auxiliary do MOST verbs take?

Answer

avoir (j'ai mangé, tu as fini, il a vendu). With avoir the participle does NOT agree with the subject.

Card 6973.2.1concept
Question

Which verbs take ÊTRE?

Answer

The DR MRS VANDERTRAMP verbs (movement / change of state: aller, venir, arriver, partir, entrer, sortir, monter, descendre, naître, mourir, etc.) and ALL reflexive verbs.

Card 6983.2.1concept
Question

être past-participle agreement

Answer

With être the participle agrees with the subject: +e (fem.), +s (plural), +es (fem. plural) — elle est allée, ils sont allés, elles sont parties.

Card 6993.2.1concept
Question

When do you use the passé composé?

Answer

For completed past actions: a single finished event, a sequence of events, or an action at a specific time (hier, tout à coup).

Card 7003.2.1concept
Question

faire / prendre / voir → past participle

Answer

Irregulars: faire → fait, prendre → pris, voir → vu (also être → été, avoir → eu).

Card 7013.2.1concept
Question

Spot the error: «Elle a allée au cinéma.»

Answer

Wrong auxiliary: «aller» takes être, so it must be «Elle est allée au cinéma.»

Card 7023.2.1concept
Question

Spot the error: «Hier, je mangé une pizza.»

Answer

Missing auxiliary: needs «j'ai mangé» — the passé composé always has an auxiliary (avoir/être) before the participle.

Card 7033.2.2definition
Question

l'imparfait

Answer

the imperfect (the past for habits, description and ongoing actions)

Card 7043.2.2definition
Question

parler → je

Answer

je parlais (I used to speak / I was speaking)

Card 7053.2.2definition
Question

finir → je

Answer

je finissais (I used to finish) — stem from nous finissons → finiss-

Card 7063.2.2definition
Question

habiter → nous

Answer

nous habitions (we used to live)

Card 7073.2.2definition
Question

parler → ils / elles

Answer

ils parlaient (they used to speak)

Card 7083.2.2definition
Question

manger → je

Answer

je mangeais (I used to eat) — soft g kept: mange-

Card 7093.2.2definition
Question

être → imparfait (je)

Answer

j'étais (I was) — the only irregular stem, ét-

Card 7103.2.2definition
Question

aller → nous (imparfait)

Answer

nous allions (we used to go)

Card 7113.2.2definition
Question

faire → il (imparfait)

Answer

il faisait (it was — e.g. il faisait froid, it was cold)

Card 7123.2.2concept
Question

The six imperfect endings?

Answer

-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient — the same for every verb.

Card 7133.2.2concept
Question

How do you build the imperfect stem?

Answer

Take the nous form of the present and drop -ons: parlons → parl-, finissons → finiss-, prenons → pren-. Only être is irregular (ét-).

Card 7143.2.2concept
Question

When do you use the imperfect?

Answer

For past habits, descriptions and background, age/time/weather, and « was -ing » — actions that repeat, stretch or describe rather than finish once.

Card 7153.2.2concept
Question

Habit in the past: passé composé or imperfect?

Answer

Imperfect — « tous les jours j'allais à l'école ». Using the passé composé « je suis allé » would mean it happened just once.

Card 7163.2.2concept
Question

What is the only irregular imperfect stem?

Answer

être → ét- (j'étais, tu étais, il était, nous étions, vous étiez, ils étaient). Every other verb builds its stem from the nous form.

Card 7173.2.3definition
Question

le passé composé (rôle)

Answer

completed events: what happened, a single action, a sequence (j'ai mangé, je suis parti)

Card 7183.2.3definition
Question

l'imparfait (rôle)

Answer

background: description, habits, what was going on (je mangeais, il faisait froid)

Card 7193.2.3definition
Question

manger : j'ai mangé vs je mangeais

Answer

j'ai mangé = I ate (once, finished — passé composé); je mangeais = I used to eat / I was eating (imparfait)

Card 7203.2.3definition
Question

aller : je suis allé vs j'allais

Answer

je suis allé = I went (once — passé composé, ÊTRE verb); j'allais = I used to go / I was going (imparfait)

Card 7213.2.3concept
Question

How is the passé composé built?

Answer

Auxiliary (avoir OR être) in the present + the past participle: j'ai fini, je suis allé(e), je me suis levé(e).

Card 7223.2.3concept
Question

How is the imparfait built?

Answer

Take the nous form of the present, drop -ons, add -ais/-ais/-ait/-ions/-iez/-aient: nous mangeons → je mangeais.

Card 7233.2.3definition
Question

marqueurs → passé composé

Answer

hier, tout à coup, une fois, lundi dernier (single, dated, finished moment)

Card 7243.2.3definition
Question

marqueurs → imparfait

Answer

toujours, d'habitude, tous les jours, pendant que (repetition or ongoing scene)

Card 7253.2.3definition
Question

Pendant que je lisais, le téléphone a sonné

Answer

ongoing action (imparfait lisais) + the single event that interrupts (passé composé a sonné)

Card 7263.2.3definition
Question

âge dans le passé

Answer

imparfait: «j'avais huit ans» (I was eight) — never «j'ai eu huit ans»

Card 7273.2.3definition
Question

climat dans le passé (décor)

Answer

imparfait: «il faisait froid / il pleuvait» (it was cold / it was raining) as background

Card 7283.2.3concept
Question

Which verbs take ÊTRE in the passé composé?

Answer

Movement/change verbs (aller, venir, partir, arriver, rester, tomber, naître, mourir…) and ALL reflexive verbs; the participle then agrees with the subject.

Card 7293.2.3concept
Question

How do you decide passé composé or imparfait?

Answer

Ask: the action that happened (passé composé) or the scene/background around it (imparfait)?

Card 7303.2.3concept
Question

Most common anglophone mistakes here?

Answer

Using the passé composé for description/age/weather, using the imparfait for a one-off event, and using «avoir» instead of «être» for movement/reflexive verbs.

Card 7313.2.4definition
Question

le plus-que-parfait

Answer

the pluperfect — imperfect of avoir/être + past participle = «had done»

Card 7323.2.4definition
Question

avoir (imparfait)

Answer

avais, avais, avait, avions, aviez, avaient

Card 7333.2.4definition
Question

être (imparfait)

Answer

étais, étais, était, étions, étiez, étaient

Card 7343.2.4definition
Question

manger → plus-que-parfait (je)

Answer

j'avais mangé (= I had eaten)

Card 7353.2.4definition
Question

partir → plus-que-parfait (je)

Answer

j'étais parti(e) (= I had left)

Card 7363.2.4definition
Question

finir → plus-que-parfait (il)

Answer

il avait fini (= he had finished)

Card 7373.2.4definition
Question

se lever → plus-que-parfait (elle)

Answer

elle s'était levée (reflexive → être + agreement)

Card 7383.2.4definition
Question

faire / prendre → participe

Answer

fait / pris (j'avais fait, j'avais pris)

Card 7393.2.4definition
Question

voir / écrire → participe

Answer

vu / écrit (j'avais vu, j'avais écrit)

Card 7403.2.4concept
Question

How do you form the pluperfect?

Answer

Put avoir or être in the IMPERFECT (avais / étais…) and add the past participle: «j'avais mangé», «j'étais parti(e)».

Card 7413.2.4concept
Question

When do you use the pluperfect?

Answer

For an action that had already happened BEFORE another past moment — with «déjà / avant / la veille» and in reported speech («il a dit qu'il avait fini»).

Card 7423.2.4concept
Question

How is the pluperfect different from the passé composé?

Answer

Same recipe, but the auxiliary is in the IMPERFECT, not the present: passé composé «j'ai mangé» → pluperfect «j'avais mangé».

Card 7433.2.4concept
Question

Which auxiliary, and does the participle agree?

Answer

Same avoir/être split as the passé composé; with être the participle agrees with the subject: «elle était partie», «ils étaient partis».

Card 7443.2.4concept
Question

What are the most common pluperfect errors?

Answer

Auxiliary in the passé composé instead of the imperfect, wrong auxiliary (avait parti instead of était parti), and forgetting être-agreement (était parti vs partie).

Card 7453.3.1definition
Question

le futur simple

Answer

the simple future tense («will + verb»)

Card 7463.3.1definition
Question

parler → je (futur)

Answer

je parlerai (I will speak)

Card 7473.3.1definition
Question

finir → je (futur)

Answer

je finirai (I will finish)

Card 7483.3.1definition
Question

vendre → je (futur)

Answer

je vendrai (I will sell) — -re verbs drop the final -e

Card 7493.3.1definition
Question

parler → ils (futur)

Answer

ils parleront (they will speak)

Card 7503.3.1definition
Question

être → je (futur)

Answer

je serai (I will be) — irregular stem ser-

Card 7513.3.1definition
Question

avoir → je (futur)

Answer

j'aurai (I will have) — irregular stem aur-

Card 7523.3.1definition
Question

aller → je (futur)

Answer

j'irai (I will go) — irregular stem ir-

Card 7533.3.1definition
Question

faire → je (futur)

Answer

je ferai (I will do/make) — irregular stem fer-

Card 7543.3.1definition
Question

venir → je (futur)

Answer

je viendrai (I will come) — irregular stem viendr-

Card 7553.3.1concept
Question

How do you form the regular future?

Answer

Take the infinitive (drop the final -e of -re verbs) and add -ai/-as/-a/-ons/-ez/-ont — the same endings for every verb.

Card 7563.3.1concept
Question

Name three uses of the future tense.

Answer

Future plans, predictions, and the result clause after «si» («Si tu viens, on s'amusera»).

Card 7573.3.1concept
Question

What is the common near-future alternative?

Answer

Le futur proche = aller (present) + infinitive — e.g. «je vais étudier ce soir» means roughly the same as «j'étudierai ce soir».

Card 7583.3.1concept
Question

What are the typical future errors anglophones make?

Answer

Using -ais (conditional = would) instead of -ai (future = will), putting the future after «si» (it needs the present), and regularising an irregular stem (j'avoirai instead of j'aurai).

Card 7593.3.2definition
Question

le conditionnel présent

Answer

the conditional tense («would + verb»)

Card 7603.3.2definition
Question

parler → je (conditionnel)

Answer

je parlerais (I would speak)

Card 7613.3.2definition
Question

finir → je (conditionnel)

Answer

je finirais (I would finish)

Card 7623.3.2definition
Question

prendre → je (conditionnel)

Answer

je prendrais (I would take) — drop the final -e of prendre

Card 7633.3.2definition
Question

parler → nous (conditionnel)

Answer

nous parlerions (we would speak) — note the -ions ending

Card 7643.3.2definition
Question

être → je (conditionnel)

Answer

je serais (I would be) — irregular stem ser-

Card 7653.3.2definition
Question

avoir → je (conditionnel)

Answer

j'aurais (I would have) — irregular stem aur-

Card 7663.3.2definition
Question

aller → je (conditionnel)

Answer

j'irais (I would go) — irregular stem ir-

Card 7673.3.2definition
Question

pouvoir → je (conditionnel)

Answer

je pourrais (I could / would be able) — irregular stem pourr-

Card 7683.3.2definition
Question

je voudrais

Answer

I would like (a polite, very common conditional phrase)

Card 7693.3.2concept
Question

How do you form the conditional?

Answer

Take the futur stem (the whole infinitive for -er/-ir, drop final -e for -re) and add the imparfait endings -ais/-ais/-ait/-ions/-iez/-aient.

Card 7703.3.2concept
Question

Name three uses of the conditional.

Answer

Politeness («je voudrais», «pourriez-vous… ?»), the «si» hypothesis («Si j'avais le temps, je lirais»), and the future-in-the-past («il a dit qu'il viendrait»).

Card 7713.3.2concept
Question

What tense follows «si» for an unreal condition?

Answer

The IMPARFAIT — «Si j'avais le temps, je lirais». The conditional goes in the result clause, NEVER inside «si».

Card 7723.3.2concept
Question

What is the classic conditional error for anglophones?

Answer

Putting the conditional inside the «si» clause (*si je voudrais*) — wrong. «si» takes the imparfait; the conditional goes in the other clause.

Card 7733.3.3definition
Question

le subjonctif présent

Answer

the present subjunctive (the mood for wishes, necessity, doubt and emotion)

Card 7743.3.3definition
Question

finir → subjonctif (que je)

Answer

finisse (ils finissent → drop -ent → finiss- + -e)

Card 7753.3.3definition
Question

prendre → subjonctif (que je)

Answer

prenne (ils prennent → prenn- + -e; the stem change carries over)

Card 7763.3.3definition
Question

parler → subjonctif (que je)

Answer

parle (ils parlent → parl- + -e)

Card 7773.3.3definition
Question

finir → subjonctif (que nous)

Answer

finissions (the nous/vous forms look like the imperfect)

Card 7783.3.3definition
Question

être → subjonctif (que je)

Answer

sois (irregular — to be)

Card 7793.3.3definition
Question

avoir → subjonctif (que je)

Answer

aie (irregular — to have)

Card 7803.3.3definition
Question

aller → subjonctif (que je)

Answer

aille (irregular — to go; nous allions)

Card 7813.3.3definition
Question

faire → subjonctif (que je)

Answer

fasse (irregular — to do/make)

Card 7823.3.3definition
Question

pouvoir → subjonctif (que je)

Answer

puisse (irregular — to be able)

Card 7833.3.3concept
Question

How do you build the present subjunctive?

Answer

Take the present «ils/elles» form, drop the -ent, add -e/-es/-e/-ions/-iez/-ent.

Card 7843.3.3concept
Question

What is the «ils-stem» rule?

Answer

Most subjunctive stems come from the present «ils» form: ils finissent → que je finisse; ils prennent → que je prenne.

Card 7853.3.3concept
Question

Name the six common irregular present subjunctives.

Answer

être→sois, avoir→aie, aller→aille, faire→fasse, pouvoir→puisse, savoir→sache.

Card 7863.3.3concept
Question

What is the typical subjunctive error for English speakers?

Answer

Leaving the indicative after a trigger (tu finis instead of tu finisses), forgetting an irregular (tu es instead of tu sois), or dropping «que».

Card 7873.3.4definition
Question

le déclencheur (subjonctif)

Answer

the trigger — the phrase that calls for the subjunctive (il faut que, je veux que…)

Card 7883.3.4definition
Question

il faut que / il est important que

Answer

necessity triggers — « Il faut que tu viennes » (You have to come)

Card 7893.3.4definition
Question

je veux que / je souhaite que

Answer

wish/will triggers — « Je veux que tu sois à l'heure »

Card 7903.3.4definition
Question

je suis content(e) que / j'ai peur que

Answer

emotion triggers — « Je suis content que tu viennes »

Card 7913.3.4definition
Question

je doute que / je ne pense pas que

Answer

doubt/denial triggers — « Je doute que ce soit vrai »

Card 7923.3.4definition
Question

bien que / pour que / avant que

Answer

conjunctions that always take the subjunctive — « pour que tu comprennes »

Card 7933.3.4definition
Question

être → soit, avoir → ait, faire → fasse

Answer

key irregular subjunctive forms to memorise (also aller → aille, venir → vienne)

Card 7943.3.4definition
Question

je pense que vs je ne pense pas que

Answer

je pense qu'il vient (indicative, affirmed) vs je ne pense pas qu'il vienne (subjunctive, doubted)

Card 7953.3.4definition
Question

le changement de sujet

Answer

the change of subject — needed for « que » + subjunctive; otherwise use the infinitive

Card 7963.3.4definition
Question

« j'espère que » — quel mode ?

Answer

the INDICATIVE — « j'espère que tu viens », not the subjunctive (a famous French exception)

Card 7973.3.4concept
Question

What is the golden rule for the subjunctive?

Answer

Trigger (necessity/wish/emotion/doubt) + « que » + a CHANGE of subject.

Card 7983.3.4concept
Question

When do you use the infinitive instead of « que » + subjunctive?

Answer

When both halves share the SAME subject — « je veux partir », not « je veux que je parte ».

Card 7993.3.4concept
Question

Does « je pense que » take the subjunctive?

Answer

No — affirmed beliefs take the INDICATIVE (« je pense qu'il vient »); only the negative « je ne pense pas que » takes the subjunctive.

Card 8003.3.4concept
Question

Name three subjunctive trigger families.

Answer

Necessity (il faut que), wish (je veux que), doubt/denial (je doute que) — plus emotion and conjunctions (bien que, pour que).

Card 8013.3.5definition
Question

l'impératif

Answer

the imperative — the command form («do this!»); only three forms: tu, nous, vous

Card 8023.3.5definition
Question

parler → impératif (tu)

Answer

Parle ! (speak! — drop «tu» AND the final -s of an -er verb)

Card 8033.3.5definition
Question

finir → impératif (tu)

Answer

Finis ! (finish! — -ir verbs keep the -s)

Card 8043.3.5definition
Question

parler → impératif (nous)

Answer

Parlons ! (let's speak! — the «nous» command)

Card 8053.3.5definition
Question

parler → impératif (vous)

Answer

Parlez ! (speak! — formal or plural)

Card 8063.3.5definition
Question

Negative imperative

Answer

Wrap « ne … pas » around the verb: «Ne parle pas !», «N'oublie pas !»

Card 8073.3.5definition
Question

Reflexive imperative (affirmative)

Answer

Pronoun attaches with a hyphen, te → toi: «Lève-toi !», «Dépêchons-nous !»

Card 8083.3.5definition
Question

Reflexive imperative (negative)

Answer

Pronoun goes BEFORE the verb: «Ne te lève pas !», «Ne nous dépêchons pas !»

Card 8093.3.5definition
Question

être / avoir / aller → impératif

Answer

sois/soyons/soyez · aie/ayons/ayez · va/allons/allez (irregulars to learn by heart)

Card 8103.3.5definition
Question

aller → impératif (tu) + «vas-y»

Answer

Va ! (go!) — but keep the -s before y/en for liaison: «Vas-y !», «Manges-en !»

Card 8113.3.5concept
Question

How is the imperative formed?

Answer

Take the present tu/nous/vous forms and DROP the subject pronoun; -er «tu» commands also drop the final -s.

Card 8123.3.5concept
Question

Why do you write «Mange !» but «Finis !»?

Answer

-er verbs drop the final -s in the «tu» command (manges → Mange), but -ir/-re verbs keep it (Finis, Prends).

Card 8133.3.5concept
Question

Where does the pronoun go with commands?

Answer

Attached with a hyphen after an affirmative (Lève-toi !, Donne-le-moi) but before a negative (Ne te lève pas !).

Card 8143.3.5concept
Question

What is a common imperative error?

Answer

Keeping the subject pronoun (tu parle), forgetting the dropped -s (manges), wrong pronoun placement, or using the infinitive as a command (Fermer instead of Ferme).

Card 8153.4.1definition
Question

le pronom complément d'objet

Answer

object pronoun (replaces a noun already mentioned)

Card 8163.4.1definition
Question

le complément d'objet direct (COD)

Answer

direct object — le, la, l', les (what/whom the verb acts on directly)

Card 8173.4.1definition
Question

le complément d'objet indirect (COI)

Answer

indirect object — lui, leur (the person after « à »)

Card 8183.4.1definition
Question

COD : le / la / l'

Answer

him/her/it as a direct object: « je le vois », « je la vois », « je l'aime »

Card 8193.4.1definition
Question

COD pluriel : les

Answer

them (as a direct object): « je les vois », « je les achète »

Card 8203.4.1definition
Question

COI : lui / leur

Answer

to him/her (lui, one person) / to them (leur)

Card 8213.4.1definition
Question

me / te / nous / vous

Answer

me / you / us / you-all (same for direct and indirect)

Card 8223.4.1definition
Question

Je le vois.

Answer

I see it/him (pronoun before the conjugated verb)

Card 8233.4.1definition
Question

Je vais le voir.

Answer

I'm going to see it (pronoun before the infinitive)

Card 8243.4.1definition
Question

Je l'ai vu(e).

Answer

I saw it/him/her (pronoun before the auxiliary; participle agrees with a preceding COD)

Card 8253.4.1concept
Question

Where does a French object pronoun go?

Answer

BEFORE the verb it depends on — before the conjugated verb (« je le vois »), the infinitive (« je vais le voir »), or the auxiliary (« je l'ai vu »).

Card 8263.4.1concept
Question

When two pronouns meet, what is the order?

Answer

me/te/se/nous/vous → le/la/les → lui/leur → y → en. So « Il me le donne », « Je le lui donne ».

Card 8273.4.1concept
Question

Direct or indirect — how do you tell?

Answer

Ask « le quoi/qui ? » → direct (le/la/les); ask « à qui ? » (person after « à ») → indirect (lui/leur). « voir qqn » is direct; « parler / téléphoner À qqn » is indirect.

Card 8283.4.1concept
Question

What is the most common object-pronoun error?

Answer

Pronoun after the verb (je vois le), direct instead of indirect (je les téléphone → je leur téléphone), wrong order (lui le), or no past-participle agreement with a preceding COD (je les ai acheté → achetées).

Card 8293.4.2definition
Question

y

Answer

replaces « à + a place or thing »: «à Paris» → «j'y vais», «à mon examen» → «j'y pense»

Card 8303.4.2definition
Question

en

Answer

replaces « de + a noun », a partitive or a quantity: «du pain» → «j'en mange», «deux frères» → «j'en ai deux»

Card 8313.4.2definition
Question

Je vais à Paris → ?

Answer

J'y vais. («à + place» → «y», before the verb)

Card 8323.4.2definition
Question

Je mange du pain → ?

Answer

J'en mange. (partitive «du pain» → «en»)

Card 8333.4.2definition
Question

Je viens de Lyon → ?

Answer

J'en viens. («de + place/origin» → «en»)

Card 8343.4.2definition
Question

J'ai deux frères → ?

Answer

J'en ai deux. («en» + keep the number «deux»)

Card 8353.4.2definition
Question

Je pense à mon examen → ?

Answer

J'y pense. («penser à» → «y»)

Card 8363.4.2definition
Question

J'ai besoin d'aide → ?

Answer

J'en ai besoin. («avoir besoin DE» → «en»)

Card 8373.4.2definition
Question

Position of y / en

Answer

Before the conjugated verb (j'y vais, j'en ai); before the infinitive (je vais y aller, je veux en acheter)

Card 8383.4.2definition
Question

Affirmative command with y / en

Answer

Attached after with a hyphen, and the -s comes back: «Vas-y !», «Prends-en !»

Card 8393.4.2concept
Question

How do you choose between « y » and « en »?

Answer

Spot the hidden preposition: «à»/a place → «y»; «de», a partitive (du/de la/des) or a quantity → «en».

Card 8403.4.2concept
Question

Where do « y » and « en » go in the sentence?

Answer

Before the conjugated verb (j'y vais, je n'en veux pas), or attached after an affirmative command (Vas-y !, Prends-en !).

Card 8413.4.2concept
Question

Why do you say « j'en ai deux », not just « j'en ai »?

Answer

When «en» replaces a noun that had a number or quantity word, you must REPEAT that number/quantity: «j'en ai deux», «j'en veux un peu».

Card 8423.4.2concept
Question

What is a common « y / en » error?

Answer

Swapping them (j'en vais for a place), placing the pronoun after the verb (je vais y), keeping the original noun, or dropping the number with «en».

Card 8433.4.3definition
Question

le pronom relatif

Answer

a relative pronoun — joins two clauses into one (qui, que, où, dont)

Card 8443.4.3definition
Question

qui

Answer

who/which/that as the SUBJECT (the doer); never elides: «l'ami qui parle»

Card 8453.4.3definition
Question

que / qu'

Answer

whom/which/that as the DIRECT OBJECT; elides to qu' before a vowel: «le livre que je lis», «la fille qu'il aime»

Card 8463.4.3definition
Question

Answer

where / when — relative of place or time: «la ville où je vis», «le jour où je suis né»

Card 8473.4.3definition
Question

dont

Answer

of which / about which / whose — replaces «de + …»: «le film dont je parle», «la femme dont le fils…»

Card 8483.4.3definition
Question

l'antécédent

Answer

the noun the relative pronoun refers back to («l'ami qui…» → l'ami)

Card 8493.4.3concept
Question

qui vs que — the quick test

Answer

A verb follows directly → qui («qui parle»). A new subject (je, tu, il…) follows → que («que je lis»).

Card 8503.4.3concept
Question

Does qui elide before a vowel?

Answer

No — qui NEVER elides: «l'homme qui arrive». Only que elides, to qu': «qu'elle écoute».

Card 8513.4.3concept
Question

où for time

Answer

Use «où», not «quand», for a time after a noun: «le jour où», «le moment où», «l'année où».

Card 8523.4.3concept
Question

When do you use dont?

Answer

When the verb of the relative clause takes «de» (parler de, avoir besoin de, s'occuper de) or to mean «whose»: «le livre dont j'ai besoin».

Card 8533.4.3concept
Question

Join: «J'ai un ami. Il habite à Lyon.»

Answer

«J'ai un ami qui habite à Lyon.» (qui = subject «il»).

Card 8543.4.3concept
Question

Join: «Voici le gâteau. Je l'ai fait.»

Answer

«Voici le gâteau que j'ai fait.» (que = direct object «le»).

Card 8553.4.3concept
Question

Join: «C'est le café. J'y travaille.»

Answer

«C'est le café où je travaille.» (où = place).

Card 8563.4.3concept
Question

What is a common relative-pronoun error?

Answer

Using «qui» for the object («le livre qui je lis» → «que»); not eliding «que» before a vowel; «quand» instead of «où» for a time; «que» instead of «dont» with a «de» verb.

Card 8573.4.4definition
Question

le comparatif

Answer

comparative — compares two things (plus / moins / aussi)

Card 8583.4.4definition
Question

plus … que

Answer

more … than: « plus grand que » (taller than) — the adjective agrees

Card 8593.4.4definition
Question

moins … que

Answer

less … than: « moins cher que » (cheaper than)

Card 8603.4.4definition
Question

aussi … que

Answer

as … as (quality): « aussi grand que » (as tall as)

Card 8613.4.4definition
Question

autant de … que

Answer

as much/many … as (quantity of nouns): « autant de livres que »

Card 8623.4.4definition
Question

le / la / les plus … de

Answer

the most … of/in (superlative): « le plus grand de la classe »

Card 8633.4.4definition
Question

bon → meilleur

Answer

good → better (ADJECTIVE, agrees): « meilleur que », « une meilleure note »

Card 8643.4.4definition
Question

bien → mieux

Answer

well → better (ADVERB, invariable): « tu chantes mieux que moi »

Card 8653.4.4definition
Question

mauvais → pire

Answer

bad → worse: « pire que » (or « plus mauvais que »)

Card 8663.4.4definition
Question

plus de / moins de + nom

Answer

more / less + noun (quantity): « plus de patience que », « moins de temps que »

Card 8673.4.4concept
Question

How do you compare two things in French?

Answer

plus / moins + adjective + que (more/less than), or aussi + adjective + que (as … as). The adjective agrees with the noun.

Card 8683.4.4concept
Question

How do you compare a quantity of nouns?

Answer

plus de / moins de / autant de + noun + que: « j'ai autant de livres que toi ».

Card 8693.4.4concept
Question

meilleur or mieux?

Answer

meilleur = adjective (describes a noun): « une meilleure idée ». mieux = adverb (describes a verb): « tu joues mieux ». Both mean *better*; never « plus bon / plus bien ».

Card 8703.4.4concept
Question

What is the most common comparative error?

Answer

« plus bon » for « meilleur », « plus bien » for « mieux », « aussi » with a noun (should be « autant de »), and forgetting the adjective agreement (« plus grande »).

Card 8713.5.1definition
Question

le connecteur logique

Answer

the connector (a word/phrase that links ideas)

Card 8723.5.1definition
Question

d'abord… ensuite… puis… enfin

Answer

first… then… next… finally (orders a sequence)

Card 8733.5.1definition
Question

mais

Answer

but (the basic contrast connector)

Card 8743.5.1definition
Question

cependant / pourtant

Answer

however / yet (signal a contrast, mid-sentence)

Card 8753.5.1definition
Question

en revanche / par contre

Answer

on the other hand (compares two contrasting facts)

Card 8763.5.1definition
Question

donc / par conséquent

Answer

so / therefore (give a consequence)

Card 8773.5.1definition
Question

c'est pourquoi

Answer

that's why (gives a consequence, opens a sentence)

Card 8783.5.1definition
Question

car

Answer

for / because (gives a cause, but never opens a sentence)

Card 8793.5.1definition
Question

parce que / puisque

Answer

because / since (give a cause; « parce qu' » before a vowel)

Card 8803.5.1definition
Question

de plus / en outre

Answer

moreover / in addition (adds another idea)

Card 8813.5.1concept
Question

What job do connectors do?

Answer

They show how one idea relates to the next — sequencing, contrasting, giving a cause, a result or adding — which builds cohesion.

Card 8823.5.1concept
Question

Why do connectors raise your band?

Answer

Examiners reward cohesion directly; two or three well-chosen connectors per paragraph turn a list of sentences into a connected argument.

Card 8833.5.1concept
Question

Why can't you open a sentence with « Car… »?

Answer

« car » links a cause INSIDE a sentence and never starts one; for a new sentence use « Donc » (result) or answer « pourquoi ? » with « parce que ».

Card 8843.5.1concept
Question

What's the overuse trap with connectors?

Answer

Joining everything with « et », or repeating one connector — vary them and match each to the relationship you mean.

Card 8853.5.2definition
Question

le registre

Answer

register (the level of formality: formal vs informal)

Card 8863.5.2definition
Question

tu

Answer

informal «you» (one person) — friends, peers, family, children

Card 8873.5.2definition
Question

vous

Answer

formal «you» (one person) AND plural «you» (several people, always)

Card 8883.5.2definition
Question

tutoyer / vouvoyer

Answer

to address someone with «tu» (informally) / with «vous» (formally)

Card 8893.5.2definition
Question

vous + verbe

Answer

uses its own form, usually ending in -ez: vous parlez, vous avez, vous pouvez (irregular: vous êtes, vous faites, vous dites)

Card 8903.5.2definition
Question

possessif avec tu

Answer

ton / ta / tes (your), e.g. ton sac, ta clé, tes livres

Card 8913.5.2definition
Question

possessif avec vous

Answer

votre / vos (your), e.g. votre sac, vos livres

Card 8923.5.2definition
Question

pronom objet : tu vs vous

Answer

te/t' (with tu) vs vous (with vous), e.g. je te vois / je vous vois

Card 8933.5.2definition
Question

pronom tonique : tu vs vous

Answer

toi (with tu) vs vous (with vous), e.g. avec toi / avec vous

Card 8943.5.2definition
Question

votre vs vos

Answer

votre = for any single noun (votre sac, votre maison); vos = plural (vos livres)

Card 8953.5.2concept
Question

How do you pick tu vs vous?

Answer

From the audience and text type: friends/peers/family/children and informal messages → tu; strangers/elders/authority/business and formal letters → vous. Any GROUP of people is always vous.

Card 8963.5.2concept
Question

What verb form does «vous» take?

Answer

Its own form, usually ending in -ez: vous parlez, vous avez, vous pouvez (a few irregulars: vous êtes, vous faites, vous dites).

Card 8973.5.2concept
Question

Why must register stay consistent?

Answer

Mixing tu and vous in one text is a marked error; once you choose a register, every verb, possessive and pronoun must match it.

Card 8983.5.2concept
Question

When you switch tu → vous, what changes?

Answer

All three together: the verb (tu peux → vous pouvez), the possessive (ton → votre) and the pronoun (te → vous).

Card 8993.5.3definition
Question

à mon avis,…

Answer

in my opinion,… (+ indicatif): « À mon avis, c'est important. » — never « dans mon avis »

Card 9003.5.3definition
Question

selon moi / d'après moi,…

Answer

according to me,…: « Selon moi, il a raison. »

Card 9013.5.3definition
Question

je pense que… / je crois que…

Answer

I think / believe that… (+ indicatif): « Je pense que c'est vrai. »

Card 9023.5.3definition
Question

je trouve que…

Answer

I find that… (+ indicatif): « Je trouve que ça marche. »

Card 9033.5.3definition
Question

il me semble que…

Answer

it seems to me that… (+ INDICATIF): « Il me semble que c'est juste. »

Card 9043.5.3definition
Question

personnellement,…

Answer

personally,…: « Personnellement, je préfère le train. »

Card 9053.5.3definition
Question

je suis d'accord (avec…)

Answer

I agree (with…) — never « je suis agréé »

Card 9063.5.3definition
Question

je ne suis pas d'accord

Answer

I disagree

Card 9073.5.3definition
Question

d'une part… d'autre part…

Answer

on one hand… on the other hand…

Card 9083.5.3definition
Question

je ne pense pas que… / je ne crois pas que…

Answer

I don't think / believe that… (+ SUBJONCTIF): « Je ne pense pas que ce soit vrai. »

Card 9093.5.3concept
Question

How do you build a strong opinion?

Answer

State the view (à mon avis / je pense que), justify it with « parce que / car », and add an example (par exemple).

Card 9103.5.3concept
Question

When does an opinion trigger the subjonctif?

Answer

When it is negated: « je ne pense pas que / je ne crois pas que » + subjonctif (ce soit, il ait, on fasse, on puisse).

Card 9113.5.3concept
Question

What's the « je ne pense pas que c'est » error?

Answer

A negated opinion can't take the indicatif; it needs the subjonctif: « je ne pense pas que ce soit… ».

Card 9123.5.3concept
Question

What is the « je suis agréé » error?

Answer

It's an English calque of « I agree »; the correct phrase is « je suis d'accord ». (And « à mon avis », never « dans mon avis ».)

Card 9134.1.1definition
Question

Combien de temps dure l'épreuve 1 (NM / SL) ?

Answer

1 heure 15 minutes.

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Question

Quelle est la valeur de l'épreuve 1 dans la note finale ?

Answer

25 % de la note finale.

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Question

Combien de mots dois-tu écrire à l'épreuve 1 (NM / SL) ?

Answer

Entre 250 et 400 mots.

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Question

Combien de tâches réalises-tu à l'épreuve 1 ?

Answer

Tu réalises 1 tâche sur 3.

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Question

Quelle est la consigne (le rubric) de l'épreuve 1 ?

Answer

« Réalisez une des tâches suivantes. Utilisez, en fonction des propositions, le type de texte le plus approprié. »

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Question

Quels sont les cinq thèmes du cours ?

Answer

Identités, Expériences, Ingéniosité humaine, Organisation sociale, Partage de la planète.

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Question

le type de texte

Answer

the text type you must write (blog, lettre, article, journal intime…)

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Question

le registre

Answer

the register — formal (vous) or informal (tu)

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Question

les conventions

Answer

the conventions / features of a text type

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le destinataire

Answer

the audience — the reader you write for

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Question

What are the five exam steps for Paper 1?

Answer

Read all three → Choose for ideas → Identify text type/audience/register → Plan → Write & check.

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Question

How should you choose between the three tasks?

Answer

Pick the one you have the most ideas and vocabulary for — not the first you see.

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Question

What do you decode from a Paper 1 prompt before writing?

Answer

Text type (from the three chips), audience (destinataire) and register, plus the theme it sits in.

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Question

What do Criteria A, B and C reward, and the total?

Answer

A Language /12, B Message /12, C Conceptual (text-type conventions & register) /6 = /30.

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Question

Sur combien de points l'épreuve 1 (NM/SL) est-elle évaluée ?

Answer

Sur 30 points, selon trois critères (A, B et C).

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Question

Que récompense le Critère A et combien vaut-il ?

Answer

Critère A — Langue /12 : la variété et la correction du vocabulaire et de la grammaire.

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Que récompense le Critère B et combien vaut-il ?

Answer

Critère B — Message /12 : la pertinence, le développement et l'organisation des idées.

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Question

Que récompense le Critère C et combien vaut-il ?

Answer

Critère C — Compréhension conceptuelle /6 : les conventions du type de texte, le registre et le ton.

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Question

Combien vaut chaque critère au total ?

Answer

A Langue /12 · B Message /12 · C Conceptuelle /6 = /30.

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Question

le registre

Answer

register — formal (vous) or informal (tu), matched to the reader

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les conventions

Answer

the conventions / features a text type needs (a blog title, a letter sign-off…)

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Question

le type de texte

Answer

text type — the form you must choose (blog, lettre, article, journal intime, discours…) to suit the audience and purpose

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Question

Compréhension conceptuelle

Answer

conceptual understanding (Criterion C) — text-type conventions, register and tone for the reader

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Question

How do you earn marks on Criterion A (Language)?

Answer

Show a range of vocabulary, tenses and connectors, used accurately.

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Question

How do you earn marks on Criterion B (Message)?

Answer

Make ideas relevant, develop each with a reason/example, and organise them clearly.

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Question

How do you earn marks on Criterion C (Conceptuelle)?

Answer

Use the text-type conventions and match the register and tone to your reader.

Card 9394.1.2concept
Question

Which criterion does a blog title or a letter sign-off earn?

Answer

Criterion C — Conceptual understanding (a text-type convention).

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Question

Why is Criterion C the cheapest to protect?

Answer

The right form, greeting, sign-off and register cost nothing and bank up to 6 marks — but the wrong form throws them away.

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Question

planifier / le plan

Answer

to plan / the plan — your quick outline before writing the Paper 1 answer

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Question

le type de texte

Answer

the text type — blog, lettre, courriel, article, discours… You CHOOSE the most appropriate one.

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Question

le destinataire

Answer

the audience — who you're writing to; it sets the register (tu vs vous)

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Question

le registre (formel / informel)

Answer

the register — formal (vous, Madame/Monsieur, Cordialement) vs informal (tu, Salut, À bientôt)

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Question

l'idée clé

Answer

a key idea — one of the 2–3 points you develop

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le connecteur

Answer

a connector / linking word (d'abord, ensuite, cependant, c'est pourquoi…)

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Question

développer une idée

Answer

to develop an idea (with detail and examples) rather than just mention it

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Question

Quelle est la consigne de l'épreuve 1 (NM) ?

Answer

« Réalisez une des tâches suivantes. Utilisez le type de texte le plus approprié. Écrivez entre 250 et 400 mots. »

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Question

Combien de tâches fais-tu à l'épreuve 1 ?

Answer

Une seule, choisie parmi les trois proposées.

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Question

What are the four planning moves?

Answer

Choose & decode → Brainstorm → Order → Note vocab.

Card 9514.2.1concept
Question

Which criteria does a clear plan help most?

Answer

Criterion B (Message) — an organised, developed answer — and Criterion C (the right text type & register).

Card 9524.2.1concept
Question

Why develop only 2–3 points rather than many?

Answer

Depth with examples beats a long list of shallow points — undeveloped ideas lose Criterion B.

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Question

Should you write your plan in full sentences?

Answer

No — note form, five short lines; the plan is scaffolding for you, not text for the examiner.

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Question

How do you choose the register?

Answer

From the audience: an authority figure needs vous (formal), a friend or classmate needs tu (informal).

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Question

le type de texte

Answer

the text type — the form you must write (blog, lettre, article…)

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Question

« le type de texte le plus approprié »

Answer

the rubric instruction: use the MOST APPROPRIATE form for the audience and purpose — chosen from the three offered.

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Question

les conventions

Answer

the conventions / features that mark out a text type (title, greeting, accroche…).

Card 9584.2.2definition
Question

Quelles conventions pour un blog ?

Answer

Un titre accrocheur, on s'adresse au lecteur, un ton personnel, une signature/un appel à l'action ; registre semi-formel.

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Question

Quelles conventions pour une lettre formelle ?

Answer

Madame, Monsieur ; le vouvoiement (« vous ») ; une formule de politesse comme « Veuillez agréer… » ; registre formel.

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Question

Quelles conventions pour un article ?

Answer

Un titre, un chapeau/une accroche, des intertitres ; registre semi-formel, propre à un journal ou une revue.

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Question

Quelles conventions pour un journal intime ?

Answer

Une date, « Cher journal », un « je » intime à la première personne ; registre informel et personnel.

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Question

textes personnels

Answer

personal text types: le blog, le journal intime, le courriel (à un ami).

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Question

textes professionnels

Answer

professional text types: la lettre formelle, le rapport, la proposition.

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Question

textes des médias

Answer

mass-media text types: l'article, la critique, l'interview, le discours, le dépliant.

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Question

What are the four moves for the text type?

Answer

Read the public & but → Choose the most appropriate form → Recall its conventions & register → Frame the opening & closing.

Card 9664.2.2concept
Question

Why not write a generic essay in Paper 1?

Answer

The rubric asks for the most appropriate text type; a generic essay misses its conventions and loses Criterion C.

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Question

How do you decide the register for a text type?

Answer

From the form and its reader: a formal letter uses « vous », a blog is semi-formal, a diary is informal and personal.

Card 9684.2.2concept
Question

Which criterion does the right text type protect?

Answer

Criterion C (Conceptual) — the conventions, format and register of the chosen form.

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Question

le registre

Answer

the register — how formal or informal the language is

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le destinataire

Answer

the audience / addressee — the reader you write to

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informel (tu)

Answer

informal register, using tu — for friends and peers

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Question

formel (vous)

Answer

formal register, using vous — for officials, teachers, companies (vous is also polite 'you' for one person)

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Question

la formule d'appel

Answer

the greeting (Salut ! informal vs Madame, Monsieur / Cher Monsieur formal)

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Question

la formule de politesse

Answer

the sign-off (Bises / À bientôt informal vs Cordialement / Je vous prie d'agréer… formal)

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Question

Quelles marques porte le registre informel ?

Answer

tu, Salut ! et une formule de politesse comme Bises ou À bientôt.

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Question

Quelles marques porte le registre formel ?

Answer

vous, Madame/Monsieur (ou Cher Monsieur/Chère Madame) et Cordialement (ou Je vous prie d'agréer…).

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Question

Quel registre emploies-tu pour une entreprise ou un professeur ?

Answer

Le registre formel (vous).

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Question

What are the four moves for register?

Answer

Identify the reader → Choose tu or vous → Match greeting/sign-off/vocab → Keep it consistent.

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Question

Which markers move together when you switch register?

Answer

The greeting, the verb forms, the possessive and the sign-off — change all four or none.

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What's the most common register mistake?

Answer

Mixing tu and vous in the same answer — usually hidden in verb endings and possessives (ton/votre).

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Question

Which criterion does a consistent register protect?

Answer

Criterion C — register matched to the reader and to the chosen text type, held throughout.

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Question

How do you catch register drift before finishing?

Answer

Re-read every verb ending and possessive against your chosen register (tu → ton/tes; vous → votre/vos).

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le connecteur

Answer

a connector — a linking word/phrase between ideas

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la cohésion

Answer

cohesion — how smoothly ideas link and flow

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Question

de plus · en outre · aussi

Answer

moreover · furthermore · also — connectors of ADDITION

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Question

cependant · pourtant · en revanche

Answer

however · yet · on the other hand — connectors of CONTRAST

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Question

mais

Answer

but — the basic connector of CONTRAST (don't overuse it)

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Question

parce que · car · puisque

Answer

because · for · since — connectors of CAUSE

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Question

donc · c'est pourquoi · par conséquent

Answer

so · that's why · consequently — connectors of CONSEQUENCE

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Question

d'abord · ensuite · enfin · en conclusion

Answer

first · then · finally · in conclusion — connectors of SEQUENCE

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Question

par exemple · en effet

Answer

for example · indeed — connectors that ILLUSTRATE a point

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Question

What are the four steps to build a cohesive paragraph?

Answer

Topic sentence → Develop with a connector → Add an example → Conclude or transition.

Card 9934.2.4concept
Question

Why use a range of different connectors?

Answer

Repeating « et » or one linker caps Criterion A; variety shows range of language.

Card 9944.2.4concept
Question

How do connectors help your IB criteria in Paper 1?

Answer

They lift Criterion A (langue — range/accuracy) and help Criterion B (message — organised, clear ideas).

Card 9954.2.4concept
Question

Why is « Car… » as a standalone sentence an error, and what fixes it?

Answer

It leaves a fragment; open a result sentence with « Donc… / C'est pourquoi… » and keep « car » inside a sentence.

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Question

Which connector shows a RESULT/consequence to open a sentence?

Answer

« Donc » or « C'est pourquoi » (that's why) — also « par conséquent » or « ainsi ».

Card 9974.2.5definition
Question

le registre

Answer

register — formal (vous) or informal (tu); never mix them in one text

Card 9984.2.5definition
Question

le nombre de mots (NM)

Answer

word count — your SL answer must reach 250–400 words

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Question

le temps verbal

Answer

verb tense — présent, passé composé, imparfait, futur; keep it correct and consistent

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Question

le type de texte

Answer

text type — lettre, article, blog…; use «le type de texte le plus approprié» and its conventions

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Question

développer une idée

Answer

to develop an idea — expand it with a reason and an example, not just name it

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l'accord

Answer

agreement — gender and number must match (la maison blanche, les livres neufs)

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Question

La consigne de l'épreuve 1

Answer

« Réalisez une des tâches suivantes. Utilisez, en fonction des propositions, le type de texte le plus approprié. Écrivez entre 250 et 400 mots. »

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Question

Quel critère touche le fait de mélanger tu et vous ?

Answer

Le Critère C (compréhension conceptuelle : type de texte, registre et conventions).

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Question

Quel critère touche un texte trop court ?

Answer

Le Critère B (message) ; tu n'as pas la place de développer les idées.

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Question

Quel critère touchent les erreurs de temps verbaux ?

Answer

Le Critère A (langue).

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Question

What are the five steps of the final-check routine?

Answer

Mots → Registre → Conventions → Verbes → Idées.

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Question

How long should you reserve for the final check?

Answer

About five minutes at the end of the exam.

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Question

What's the fix for a mixed register?

Answer

Fix one register (tu OR vous) from the greeting to the sign-off and keep it consistent — a formal letter needs vous and «Madame, Monsieur».

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Question

What's the fix for listing ideas without developing them?

Answer

Develop 2–3 ideas with a reason and an example instead of naming many.

Card 10115.1.1definition
Question

How many audio texts are in Paper 2 Listening (SL)?

Answer

Three (3) audio texts, based on the course themes, of increasing difficulty.

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Question

How many times is each Listening audio text played?

Answer

Twice — «chaque texte audio sera lu deux fois»: once for the gist, once for the details.

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Question

How many marks is the Listening section worth (SL)?

Answer

25 marks (about 45 minutes).

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How is the Listening section marked?

Answer

Objectively, against an answer key — the answer is right or wrong, not graded on language.

Card 10155.1.1definition
Question

Name the Paper 2 Listening question types.

Answer

« Choisissez la bonne réponse » (MCQ); vrai/faux + justifier; « Choisissez les trois/cinq affirmations vraies »; « Complétez… » (gap-fill, max. trois mots); « Répondez aux questions » (short answer).

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Question

Que veut dire « la compréhension orale » ?

Answer

Listening comprehension — understanding spoken French.

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Question

Que veut dire « un texte audio » ?

Answer

An audio text — the recording you listen to.

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Question

What does «vrai/faux + justifier» require?

Answer

Decide if a statement is true or false AND give the words from the text that prove it — «les deux parties de la réponse sont requises».

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Question

How much of the SL grade is Paper 2 worth, and what does it test?

Answer

50% — it is the receptive-skills paper: Listening + Reading.

Card 10205.1.1concept
Question

What is the five-step listening technique?

Answer

Read the questions → Predict the vocabulary → First listen for the gist → Second listen for the details → Check spelling & blanks.

Card 10215.1.1concept
Question

Why are you allowed to hear each text twice?

Answer

So you can get the general idea (gist) on the first play and catch the specific details on the second.

Card 10225.1.1concept
Question

What should you do in the four minutes of reading time before a text?

Answer

Read the questions and predict the vocabulary you'll hear, so you know exactly what to listen for.

Card 10235.1.1concept
Question

Why is hearing a question-word in the audio NOT enough?

Answer

It may be a trap — the same word is often planted in a wrong place. Listen for the meaning and watch for synonyms.

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Question

Why write short answers in Listening, not long ones?

Answer

It's marked objectively on correctness; gap-fill items even limit you to «un maximum de trois mots». A short, accurate answer scores; a long one risks burying the point or breaking the limit.

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Question

What is a « choix multiple » (multiple-choice) listening question?

Answer

A question with a short list of options (A, B, C) where exactly one is correct; you pick it from what you hear. The instruction is « Choisissez la bonne réponse. »

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How is a listening multiple-choice item marked?

Answer

Right or wrong against an answer key — [1] point, no half marks.

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Question

How many options are correct in a « Choisissez la bonne réponse » item?

Answer

Exactly one.

Card 10285.2.1definition
Question

What is a « distracteur » (distractor) in multiple choice?

Answer

A plausible wrong option, often repeating a word you hear but twisting the meaning.

Card 10295.2.1definition
Question

What is the French exam instruction for a multiple-choice item?

Answer

« Choisissez la bonne réponse. » (Choose the correct answer.)

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Question

What does the listening instruction « Choisissez les cinq affirmations vraies » mean?

Answer

Choose the five true statements — a multiple-select variant worth [5]. (Recent papers also use « les trois affirmations vraies » [3].)

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Question

What does « une seule réponse » mean in a QCM?

Answer

A single answer — only one option is right.

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Question

What does the framing line « Vous écoutez un podcast / une interview… » signal?

Answer

It sets the speaker and situation of the audio before the questions, so you know who is talking and why.

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Question

How many marks is each multiple-choice item worth?

Answer

[1] point, awarded all-or-nothing. (The five-true variant is worth [5].)

Card 10345.2.1concept
Question

What is the five-step method for a listening MCQ?

Answer

Read all the options → Predict what each could sound like → Listen for the MEANING (le sens) → Eliminate the distractors → Choose one and move on.

Card 10355.2.1concept
Question

Why should you read all the options before the audio?

Answer

So you know what they differ on and can predict the vocabulary, which lets you eliminate distractors as you listen. Use the reading time given before each audio.

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Question

Why is hearing a word from an option NOT enough to choose it?

Answer

It may be the word-match trap — the same word is often planted in a wrong option. Judge by the sens (meaning), not by a single word.

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Question

Why eliminate distractors rather than hunt for the answer?

Answer

Ruling out the options the recording contradicts is faster and narrows the choice, making the right option clear.

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Question

Should you change a confident answer on the second listen?

Answer

No — you hear the audio twice; use the second listen to confirm. Only change it if you clearly misheard the first time.

Card 10395.2.2definition
Question

What is a vrai/faux + justifier question?

Answer

A statement you mark vrai (V) or faux (F) AND justify with words from the recording — « les deux parties sont requises ».

Card 10405.2.2definition
Question

In V/F + justify, what do you score for a correct V/F with no justification?

Answer

Nothing — V/F alone earns no marks; the justification is required.

Card 10415.2.2definition
Question

What does « justifier » mean in this question type?

Answer

To justify — to prove your vrai/faux choice with the relevant words from the recording.

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What does « par des mots du texte » mean?

Answer

With words from the text/recording — your justification must use the recording's own words, in French.

Card 10435.2.2definition
Question

Qu'est-ce que « la justification » ?

Answer

The justification — the exact proving words you quote from the recording to support your V/F.

Card 10445.2.2definition
Question

Que signifient « vrai » et « faux » ?

Answer

True and false.

Card 10455.2.2definition
Question

What does the IB rubric « les deux parties de la réponse sont requises » mean?

Answer

Both parts — the vrai/faux AND the justification — are required; one without the other scores nothing.

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Question

What is the 'relevant detail' in a justification?

Answer

The exact part of the recording that proves your V/F — not the whole sentence and not an unrelated line.

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Question

How many parts must be correct to score a V/F + justify mark?

Answer

Both — the V/F AND the justification.

Card 10485.2.2concept
Question

What is the five-step method for V/F + justify?

Answer

Read the statement → Locate the part it refers to → Decide V or F → Find the exact justifying words → Write BOTH the V/F and the justification.

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Question

Why is a bare V/F worth nothing?

Answer

The question awards the mark for the V/F PLUS the justifying words; without the justification the answer is incomplete.

Card 10505.2.2concept
Question

Why quote the relevant words rather than the whole sentence?

Answer

Copying the whole sentence buries the proof; the mark needs the exact words that decide V or F.

Card 10515.2.2concept
Question

Why watch verb tenses in V/F + justify?

Answer

A past-tense detail (« avant… ») can be true once but false now — the tense can flip whether the statement is V or F.

Card 10525.2.2concept
Question

Why is an irrelevant justification not enough?

Answer

It doesn't prove your V/F; only the relevant detail that actually supports the answer earns the justification mark.

Card 10535.2.3definition
Question

What is a « compléter les phrases » (gap-fill) listening question?

Answer

A sentence or note with a blank that you complete with the exact word(s) you HEAR (« un maximum de trois mots »).

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Question

In a French B gap-fill, do spelling and accents count?

Answer

Yes — the exact word is the answer, so a misspelling or missing accent (« a » vs « à ») can lose the mark.

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Question

How many words may you write in a French B gap-fill?

Answer

« Un maximum de trois mots » — a maximum of three words, usually just one.

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Question

What does the gap-fill answer have to do besides being the right word?

Answer

Fit grammatically in the sentence (correct gender, number and sense).

Card 10575.2.3definition
Question

Que veut dire « compléter les phrases » ?

Answer

To complete the sentences — fill the gap with the exact word(s) you hear.

Card 10585.2.3definition
Question

Qu'est-ce que « le trou » (ou « le blanc ») ?

Answer

The gap — the blank you complete.

Card 10595.2.3definition
Question

Qu'est-ce qu'« un accent » (par ex. l'accent aigu / grave) ?

Answer

The accent mark — e.g. é, à; the difference between « a » and « à », « ou » and « où ».

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Question

Que veut dire « s'accorder grammaticalement » ?

Answer

To agree / fit grammatically — your word must agree and make grammatical sense in the sentence.

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Question

Que veut dire « l'orthographe » ?

Answer

Spelling — the correct letters and accents of the word.

Card 10625.2.3concept
Question

What is the five-step method for gap-fill?

Answer

Read the gapped sentence → Predict the word type → Listen for it → Write it correctly (spelling + accents, max 3 words) → Check it fits grammatically.

Card 10635.2.3concept
Question

Why predict the word type before listening?

Answer

Knowing whether the gap needs a number, a time or a noun tells you exactly what to listen for, so the word jumps out.

Card 10645.2.3concept
Question

Why must your gap-fill answer fit the sentence grammatically?

Answer

The gap is part of a real sentence; a word that doesn't agree or make sense is almost certainly the wrong answer.

Card 10655.2.3concept
Question

Why can a right word still lose the mark in gap-fill?

Answer

Because spelling and accents are part of the answer — a misspelling or a dropped accent can cost the mark.

Card 10665.2.3concept
Question

Why write only what the gap needs, not more?

Answer

The instruction says « un maximum de trois mots »; writing extra can break the grammar or bury the answer. The gap wants the exact word(s), nothing more.

Card 10675.2.4definition
Question

What is a short-answer question (la réponse courte)?

Answer

A question you answer in a few words of French — not a sentence — giving the correct, relevant detail. The instruction is « Répondez aux questions suivantes ».

Card 10685.2.4definition
Question

Que veut dire « la réponse courte » ?

Answer

The short answer — a few words, not a full sentence.

Card 10695.2.4definition
Question

What does « l'information / le détail » mean in a listening question?

Answer

The piece of information / the detail the question asks you to give.

Card 10705.2.4definition
Question

Que veut dire « le mot-clé » ?

Answer

The key word — the one word (or two) you note down as the answer.

Card 10715.2.4definition
Question

What is a short answer marked on?

Answer

The correct, relevant content — NOT essay style, length, or perfect grammar.

Card 10725.2.4definition
Question

Does « En métro » score as well as « Elle va à l'université en métro » ?

Answer

Yes — a few correct words score full marks; the full sentence adds nothing.

Card 10735.2.4definition
Question

Que veut dire « répondre avec quelques mots » ?

Answer

To answer in a few words — give just the detail asked for, not a paragraph.

Card 10745.2.4definition
Question

What does « précis(e) » mean for a short answer?

Answer

Precise — exactly to the point, only the detail the question asks for.

Card 10755.2.4definition
Question

Should a Paper 2 — Listening short answer be in French or English?

Answer

In French — a few words of French giving the correct detail.

Card 10765.2.4concept
Question

What is the five-step short-answer technique?

Answer

Read the question → Listen for that detail → Note the key word(s) → Write a short, precise answer → Check it answers the question.

Card 10775.2.4concept
Question

Which French question word tells you what kind of detail to give?

Answer

« Quand ? » = a time · « Où ? » = a place · « Pourquoi ? » = a reason · « Combien ? » = a number. Read it before the audio plays.

Card 10785.2.4concept
Question

Why is a short answer safer than a long one?

Answer

The shorter the answer, the less chance of including something wrong that cancels the mark — give the detail and stop.

Card 10795.2.4concept
Question

What is the most common lost mark in short answers?

Answer

Answering a DIFFERENT question — a correct fact that doesn't answer what was actually asked scores nothing (e.g. a place when « Quand ? » asks for a time).

Card 10805.2.4concept
Question

Should you ever leave a short answer blank?

Answer

Never — you hear each recording twice, so use the second listen to fill every gap; a blank scores zero.

Card 10815.2.5definition
Question

What are listening strategies?

Answer

Overarching techniques (predict, two-listen, deduce, infer) that improve every Paper 2 — Listening question type.

Card 10825.2.5definition
Question

Que veut dire « prédire » in listening?

Answer

To predict — to guess the vocabulary you'll hear, from the questions, BEFORE you listen.

Card 10835.2.5definition
Question

Qu'est-ce que « l'idée générale » ?

Answer

The gist — the general idea of the recording (who, where, what about).

Card 10845.2.5definition
Question

Qu'est-ce que « le détail » dans une grabación / un enregistrement ?

Answer

The detail — the specific piece of information a question asks for.

Card 10855.2.5definition
Question

Que veut dire « déduire » ?

Answer

To deduce / work out — figure out the meaning of an unknown word from context.

Card 10865.2.5definition
Question

Qu'est-ce que l'inférence en compréhension orale ?

Answer

Inference — what is meant but not stated outright (mood, opinion, purpose).

Card 10875.2.5definition
Question

Name the four core listening strategies.

Answer

Active prediction; the two-listen strategy (gist then detail); deducing unknown words from context; inference of mood/opinion/purpose.

Card 10885.2.5definition
Question

What is the two-listen strategy?

Answer

Use the first listen for the gist and the second listen for the details and to confirm.

Card 10895.2.5definition
Question

Que veut dire « saisir l'idée générale » ?

Answer

To catch the gist — to grasp the general idea on the first listen.

Card 10905.2.5concept
Question

What is the master listening routine?

Answer

Read the questions → Predict the vocabulary → First listen for the gist → Second listen for the details → Infer what isn't said & check.

Card 10915.2.5concept
Question

Why shouldn't you try to catch every word?

Answer

Nobody catches every word — you need the meaning. The gist plus key details beats transcribing the whole clip.

Card 10925.2.5concept
Question

What should you do when you hit an unknown word?

Answer

Don't freeze — deduce its meaning from the surrounding context and keep listening; one word rarely costs the answer.

Card 10935.2.5concept
Question

When is inference needed in a listening question?

Answer

When the answer isn't word-for-word — you deduce the mood, opinion or purpose from the clues.

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Question

Why is the second listen important?

Answer

It exists to catch the details and confirm your answers — not just to re-hear the gist. Watch negatives and numbers on this pass.

Card 10956.1.1definition
Question

How many texts are in the Paper 2 Reading section?

Answer

3 texts of increasing difficulty, based on the themes.

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Question

Roughly how many marks is the Reading section worth?

Answer

About 40 marks (around one hour).

Card 10976.1.1definition
Question

How is Paper 2 Reading marked?

Answer

Objectively, against an answer key.

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Question

In Reading, does the text stay in front of you?

Answer

Yes — unlike listening, you can re-read the text.

Card 10996.1.1definition
Question

What is the rubric at the top of the Reading section?

Answer

« Répondez à toutes les questions. Chaque question vaut [1 point], sauf indication contraire. »

Card 11006.1.1definition
Question

Name four common Reading question types.

Answer

Choix multiple, vrai/faux + justifier, vocabulaire en contexte, compléter avec des mots du texte, relier, choisir les N affirmations vraies, mots de référence, réponse courte.

Card 11016.1.1definition
Question

What does « la compréhension écrite » mean?

Answer

Reading comprehension.

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Question

What is « le vocabulaire en contexte »?

Answer

A question on what a word means in this particular text.

Card 11036.1.1definition
Question

What are « les mots de référence »?

Answer

Reference words such as « le » or « cela » — you say to what/whom they refer (« à qui ou à quoi se rapportent les mots soulignés »).

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Question

What does « vrai/faux + justifier » require?

Answer

Decide true or false AND quote the line from the text that proves it — both parts are required.

Card 11056.1.1concept
Question

Where is the answer to a Reading question always found?

Answer

In the text itself — you locate it, you never need outside knowledge.

Card 11066.1.1concept
Question

Give the 5-step reading routine.

Answer

Survole → Lis la question → Scanne → Localise la ligne → Réponds (paraphrase où c'est demandé).

Card 11076.1.1concept
Question

Should you read the text or the question first?

Answer

Read the question first, then scan the text for that one detail.

Card 11086.1.1concept
Question

Why might the answer use different words from the question?

Answer

Reading tests paraphrase and synonyms — match meaning, not just identical words.

Card 11096.1.1concept
Question

Why is re-reading your advantage in Reading (vs Listening)?

Answer

The text never disappears, so you can go back to the exact line instead of answering from memory.

Card 11106.2.1definition
Question

What does « le choix multiple » mean?

Answer

Multiple choice.

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Question

How many options are correct in a reading MCQ?

Answer

Exactly one.

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Question

How is a reading MCQ marked?

Answer

Objectively, all-or-nothing — right answer earns the mark, a wrong one earns nothing.

Card 11136.2.1definition
Question

What is a « distracteur » in a reading MCQ?

Answer

A wrong option written to look tempting — often by reusing a word from the text.

Card 11146.2.1definition
Question

What is the standard multiple-choice instruction?

Answer

« Choisissez la bonne réponse », often « En vous basant sur le paragraphe X, choisissez la bonne réponse ».

Card 11156.2.1definition
Question

In an MCQ, do you write anything?

Answer

No — you only choose the letter of the correct option.

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Question

What does « selon le texte » tell you about your answer?

Answer

It must be supported by the text, not by outside knowledge.

Card 11176.2.1definition
Question

What does « les ventes » mean?

Answer

The sales.

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What does « fermer à la circulation » mean?

Answer

To close (a street) to traffic.

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Question

What does « Le but du paragraphe est de montrer que… » ask for?

Answer

The writer's purpose for that paragraph — choose the option that captures why it was written, not one small detail.

Card 11206.2.1concept
Question

Give the 5-step routine for a reading MCQ.

Answer

Lis (read the question and all options) → Localise (find the relevant part) → Lis de près (read that line closely) → Élimine (the distractors) → Choisis (the one the text proves).

Card 11216.2.1concept
Question

What is the word-match trap?

Answer

A wrong option that repeats a word from the text but misreads its meaning, so it feels familiar.

Card 11226.2.1concept
Question

Why is eliminating distractors useful?

Answer

It is often easier to rule options out than to spot the right one; what's left is your answer.

Card 11236.2.1concept
Question

How is « Choisissez les cinq affirmations vraies » different from a normal MCQ?

Answer

It is multiple-SELECT: you choose N true statements (here five), not a single answer — N equals the number of correct options.

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Question

What does « vrai » mean?

Answer

True.

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Question

What does « faux » mean?

Answer

False.

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Question

What does « justifier » ask you to do?

Answer

Give the reason by quoting the relevant words from the text.

Card 11276.2.2definition
Question

What is the exact instruction for a vrai/faux + justify question?

Answer

« Cochez la bonne réponse et justifiez votre réponse par des mots du texte. Les deux parties de la réponse sont requises. »

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Question

In vrai/faux + justify, how are the marks usually split?

Answer

1 mark for the decision (V/F) and 1 mark for a correct justification.

Card 11296.2.2definition
Question

Where does the justification come from?

Answer

From the text — you quote or copy the relevant words.

Card 11306.2.2definition
Question

What does « l'affirmation » mean in this question type?

Answer

The statement you must judge true or false.

Card 11316.2.2definition
Question

Should you copy a whole paragraph as your justification?

Answer

No — quote only the specific words that prove your answer.

Card 11326.2.2definition
Question

What does « cocher la bonne réponse » mean?

Answer

Tick the correct answer (V or F).

Card 11336.2.2concept
Question

Give the 5-step routine for vrai/faux + justify.

Answer

Lis l'affirmation → Localise la ligne → Décide vrai ou faux → Cite la justification → Écris les DEUX.

Card 11346.2.2concept
Question

Why does a correct V/F earn nothing on its own?

Answer

The marks depend on justifying it with the relevant words from the text — « les deux parties sont requises ».

Card 11356.2.2concept
Question

What's the most common way to lose marks in vrai/faux + justify?

Answer

Writing V or F with no justification.

Card 11366.2.2concept
Question

Why quote only the relevant words, not the whole paragraph?

Answer

A buried justification may not be credited; short and exact beats long and vague.

Card 11376.2.2concept
Question

What two things must every vrai/faux answer contain?

Answer

The decision (vrai/faux) AND the justifying words from the text.

Card 11386.2.3definition
Question

What does « le vocabulaire en contexte » test?

Answer

What a word or phrase means in this particular text, using the context.

Card 11396.2.3definition
Question

What does « signifier » mean?

Answer

To mean.

Card 11406.2.3definition
Question

What does « le sens / la signification » mean?

Answer

The meaning.

Card 11416.2.3definition
Question

What is « un synonyme »?

Answer

A synonym — a word with the same meaning.

Card 11426.2.3definition
Question

What is « un faux ami » (false friend)?

Answer

A word that looks like an English word but means something different.

Card 11436.2.3definition
Question

What are the two main formats of a vocab-in-context question?

Answer

(1) « Quel mot signifie « X » ? » and (2) « Trouvez dans les lignes X à Y les mots ou expressions qui signifient… ».

Card 11446.2.3definition
Question

What does « actuellement » really mean?

Answer

Currently / nowadays — NOT 'actually' (a faux ami).

Card 11456.2.3definition
Question

What does the instruction « Reliez chaque mot à sa signification » ask?

Answer

Match each listed word to its meaning from a word bank (the matching variant).

Card 11466.2.3definition
Question

What does « s'inscrire à » mean?

Answer

To sign up for / join.

Card 11476.2.3concept
Question

Give the 5-step routine for vocab in context.

Answer

Localise the word → Lis autour (read around) → Déduis from context → Associe to the option / find the synonym → Vérifie it fits.

Card 11486.2.3concept
Question

Why shouldn't you rely on a dictionary meaning alone?

Answer

A word can have several meanings; the context decides which one fits here.

Card 11496.2.3concept
Question

How do you confirm a vocab-in-context meaning?

Answer

Re-read the sentence with your meaning slotted in — it should make sense.

Card 11506.2.3concept
Question

How does the 'fit test' expose a false friend?

Answer

Slot the English-looking meaning into the sentence; if it makes no sense, it's a faux ami.

Card 11516.2.3concept
Question

Can you decode a word you've never learnt?

Answer

Yes — the surrounding context usually gives the meaning away.

Card 11526.2.4definition
Question

What does « compléter / remplir les blancs » mean?

Answer

To complete / fill in the blanks (a gap-fill task).

Card 11536.2.4definition
Question

In a gap-fill, where does the missing word usually come from?

Answer

From the text itself (« avec des mots du texte »), or from a given list.

Card 11546.2.4definition
Question

How long is a typical gap-fill answer?

Answer

One word or just a few words — sometimes capped at « un maximum de trois mots ».

Card 11556.2.4definition
Question

What does « le blanc / le trou » mean?

Answer

The blank / the gap to be filled.

Card 11566.2.4definition
Question

What does « le mot qui manque » mean?

Answer

The missing word.

Card 11576.2.4definition
Question

What does the rubric « avec des mots du texte » tell you?

Answer

Take the word(s) for the gap straight from the text.

Card 11586.2.4definition
Question

Does spelling matter in a gap-fill answer?

Answer

Yes — it is marked objectively, so spelling and accents must be exact.

Card 11596.2.4definition
Question

What does « choisissez un mot de la liste pour remplir chaque blanc » mean?

Answer

Choose a word from the given word bank to fill each gap (word-bank gap-fill).

Card 11606.2.4definition
Question

What three things must a correct gap-fill word do?

Answer

Come from the text/list, fit grammatically, and be spelled correctly.

Card 11616.2.4concept
Question

Give the 5-step gap-fill routine.

Answer

Lis la phrase à trou → Prédis le type de mot → Trouve-le dans le texte → Écris-le correctement → Vérifie qu'il s'accorde.

Card 11626.2.4concept
Question

Why predict the word type before searching?

Answer

So you scan for the right kind of word (noun, verb, number) instead of any word.

Card 11636.2.4concept
Question

Why can a correct idea still lose the gap-fill mark?

Answer

If the word is the wrong form or is misspelt, objective marking won't award it.

Card 11646.2.4concept
Question

Should you invent a word for a gap if you can't find one?

Answer

No — the word comes from the text or the given list; never invent it.

Card 11656.2.4concept
Question

How should you copy a gap-fill word from the text?

Answer

Exactly — letter for letter, with the correct accents and the right form (gender/number).

Card 11666.2.5definition
Question

What does « relier » mean?

Answer

To link / match up (a matching task).

Card 11676.2.5definition
Question

What does a matching task ask you to do?

Answer

Link each item in one set to its partner in another set.

Card 11686.2.5definition
Question

What is the specimen instruction for matching sentence halves?

Answer

« En vous basant sur les lignes X à Y, reliez chaque début de phrase à la fin correspondante. »

Card 11696.2.5definition
Question

Name four common matching formats.

Answer

Personnes↔opinions, titres↔paragraphes, the two halves of a sentence, and questions↔réponses.

Card 11706.2.5definition
Question

How many times is each option used in matching?

Answer

Exactly once.

Card 11716.2.5definition
Question

What is « une option en trop »?

Answer

The extra (spare) option that matches nothing and is left over.

Card 11726.2.5definition
Question

What does « le titre » mean?

Answer

The headline / heading.

Card 11736.2.5definition
Question

What does « le paragraphe » mean?

Answer

The paragraph.

Card 11746.2.5definition
Question

What does « la fin correspondante » mean?

Answer

The matching ending (the correct second half of the sentence).

Card 11756.2.5definition
Question

Why is there usually one extra option in matching?

Answer

It's a distractor — a spare that matches nothing, to catch you out.

Card 11766.2.5concept
Question

Give the 5-step matching routine.

Answer

Lis les deux listes → Les sûrs d'abord → Élimine → Relie le reste → Vérifie (none reused, the spare is left over).

Card 11776.2.5concept
Question

Should you match in order, top to bottom?

Answer

No — do the matches you're sure of first; each one removes an option.

Card 11786.2.5concept
Question

Should you match because two items share one word?

Answer

No — match on the meaning of the whole statement, not a single shared word.

Card 11796.2.5concept
Question

What if you've used the same option for two items?

Answer

One of those matches is wrong — each option is used only once.

Card 11806.2.6definition
Question

What does « compléter des phrases » mean?

Answer

To complete sentences (a sentence-completion task).

Card 11816.2.6definition
Question

What does a sentence-completion task ask you to do?

Answer

Finish a sentence so it matches what the text says.

Card 11826.2.6definition
Question

What is the classic sentence-completion instruction?

Answer

« Complétez les phrases suivantes avec des mots du paragraphe / du texte. »

Card 11836.2.6definition
Question

What does « un maximum de trois mots par phrase » mean?

Answer

A limit: complete each sentence with no more than three words.

Card 11846.2.6definition
Question

What is the word-bank (matching) form of sentence completion?

Answer

« Reliez chaque début de phrase à la fin correspondante » — choose each ending from a list.

Card 11856.2.6definition
Question

What does « le début de la phrase » mean?

Answer

The sentence stem — the beginning you must complete.

Card 11866.2.6definition
Question

What does « la fin correcte » mean?

Answer

The correct ending.

Card 11876.2.6definition
Question

What does « vrai selon le texte » mean?

Answer

True according to the text.

Card 11886.2.6definition
Question

Does the ending need to fit grammatically?

Answer

Yes — the completed sentence must fit the grammar of the stem.

Card 11896.2.6definition
Question

When is a completed sentence correct?

Answer

When it is true according to the text, not just sensible in general.

Card 11906.2.6concept
Question

Give the 5-step sentence-completion routine.

Answer

Read the stem → Find what the text says → Choose or write the ending → Check the sentence is true per the text → Move on.

Card 11916.2.6concept
Question

Can an ending be wrong even if it sounds reasonable?

Answer

Yes — if the text doesn't state it, a sensible-sounding ending is still wrong.

Card 11926.2.6concept
Question

What is the 'time shift' trap in completion?

Answer

An ending true for a later part of the text but not for the part the stem asks about.

Card 11936.2.6concept
Question

Should you complete a sentence from memory?

Answer

No — complete it from the text, which stays in front of you.

Card 11946.2.7definition
Question

What is a « mot de référence » (reference word)?

Answer

A word like « le » or « cela » that points back to a noun or idea said earlier in the text.

Card 11956.2.7definition
Question

What is « le référent »?

Answer

The referent — the actual noun or idea a reference word points to.

Card 11966.2.7definition
Question

What is the IB instruction wording for this question type?

Answer

« Écrivez à qui ou à quoi se rapportent les mots soulignés. » [1 point]

Card 11976.2.7definition
Question

What does « se rapporter à / renvoyer à » mean?

Answer

To refer to / to point back to (something said before).

Card 11986.2.7definition
Question

What do « le », « la », « les » usually point to?

Answer

A noun already mentioned (the direct object).

Card 11996.2.7definition
Question

What do « lui » and « leur » usually point to?

Answer

A person already mentioned (the indirect object — to him / to her / to them).

Card 12006.2.7definition
Question

What do « cela » and « ça » usually point to?

Answer

A whole idea or phrase said before, not just one noun.

Card 12016.2.7definition
Question

What do « ce » and « cette » usually point to?

Answer

The nearest noun.

Card 12026.2.7definition
Question

What do « là » and « y » usually point to?

Answer

A place that was mentioned.

Card 12036.2.7definition
Question

What do « son », « sa », « ses » and « leur » usually point to?

Answer

The owner mentioned (whose something is).

Card 12046.2.7concept
Question

Do reference words point forwards or backwards?

Answer

Backwards — they point to something said earlier, so read the lines before the word.

Card 12056.2.7concept
Question

Give the 5-step routine for tracking a reference.

Answer

Repère → Lis avant → Identifie → Remplace → Vérifie.

Card 12066.2.7concept
Question

How does agreement help you find the right referent?

Answer

The referent must agree in gender and number with the word, so « le » needs a masculine singular noun and « les » a plural one.

Card 12076.2.7concept
Question

When you answer « à qui ou à quoi se rapporte “le” ? », what should you write?

Answer

The actual noun or idea it points to (e.g. « le chien »), never the word « le » itself.

Card 12086.2.8definition
Question

What is a «réponse courte» (short answer)?

Answer

An answer of a few words or a short phrase to a question about the text.

Card 12096.2.8definition
Question

What is the short-answer rubric in French?

Answer

« Répondez aux questions suivantes » — answer the following questions.

Card 12106.2.8definition
Question

What does «avec vos propres mots» mean?

Answer

In your own words — you must paraphrase, not copy the line.

Card 12116.2.8definition
Question

What does «En vous basant sur le paragraphe…» tell you?

Answer

Based on the paragraph… — it tells you exactly where in the text to look.

Card 12126.2.8definition
Question

What does «selon le texte» tell you?

Answer

According to the text — the answer is in the passage, so locate it.

Card 12136.2.8definition
Question

What does «répondre» mean?

Answer

To answer / to respond (to the question).

Card 12146.2.8definition
Question

In a short answer, what is mainly marked — style or content?

Answer

Content correctness — the right information, briefly; style is not the point.

Card 12156.2.8definition
Question

Are minor language slips heavily penalised in a reading short answer?

Answer

Usually not — the content (the correct, text-supported idea) is what earns the mark.

Card 12166.2.8definition
Question

May you copy from the text when the question does NOT say «avec vos propres mots»?

Answer

Yes — then you may lift the words straight from the text.

Card 12176.2.8concept
Question

Give the 5-step short-answer routine.

Answer

Lis la question → Localise → Note l'info clé → Réponds court → Vérifie que ça répond.

Card 12186.2.8concept
Question

Should you read the text or the question first?

Answer

Read the question first, so you know exactly what to look for in the text.

Card 12196.2.8concept
Question

Why shouldn't you over-write a short answer?

Answer

Extra padding earns no extra marks and risks contradicting yourself; a few words are enough.

Card 12206.2.8concept
Question

Why should you never leave a short answer blank?

Answer

A blank scores zero, but a brief, text-supported attempt can score the mark.

Card 12216.2.8concept
Question

What's the risk of copying the line when «avec vos propres mots» is required?

Answer

You may lose the mark for not paraphrasing — you must reword the idea.

Card 12227.1.1definition
Question

l'oral individuel (SL)

Answer

the Individual Oral — your internal speaking assessment in French B SL, worth 25% of the final grade

Card 12237.1.1concept
Question

Sur quoi se base l'oral SL ?

Answer

On a VISUAL STIMULUS — a photo (une image) linked to one of the five themes, NOT a literary text.

Card 12247.1.1concept
Question

Les deux parties de l'oral

Answer

(1) l'exposé (~3–4 min) — describe, interpret and link the photo to the theme; (2) la conversation (~4–5 min) with the teacher.

Card 12257.1.1definition
Question

Combien de temps de préparation ?

Answer

About 15 minutes of supervised preparation, with brief notes only — never a full script.

Card 12267.1.1definition
Question

Durée totale de l'oral

Answer

About 15 minutes in total (presentation + conversation).

Card 12277.1.1definition
Question

Valeur de l'oral individuel

Answer

25% of the final French B SL grade.

Card 12287.1.1definition
Question

Sur combien de points l'oral est-il noté ?

Answer

Out of 30: Critère A Langue /12 · Critère B Message /12 · Critère C Compréhension et interaction /6.

Card 12297.1.1definition
Question

Critère A — Langue

Answer

Language /12 — range and accuracy of vocabulary and structures, grammatical control.

Card 12307.1.1definition
Question

Critère B — Message

Answer

Message /12 — how well you describe AND interpret the image and develop relevant ideas linked to the theme.

Card 12317.1.1definition
Question

Critère C — Compréhension et interaction

Answer

Receptive & interactive skills /6 — understanding the teacher's questions and responding/developing naturally.

Card 12327.1.1concept
Question

La structure de l'exposé

Answer

Décrire → interpréter → relier au thème → ajouter une opinion ou un exemple.

Card 12337.1.1concept
Question

Comment gagner des points de Message ?

Answer

Don't just describe — INTERPRET what the image means («je pense que cette image montre…») and LINK it to a named theme («cela se rapporte au thème de… parce que…»).

Card 12347.1.1definition
Question

Les cinq thèmes

Answer

Identités · expériences · ingéniosité humaine · organisation sociale · partage de la planète.

Card 12357.1.1concept
Question

Une erreur fréquente à l'oral

Answer

Only describing the photo, answering with one word in the conversation, or reading a memorised script — develop and interact instead.

Card 12367.1.2definition
Question

Sur combien de points l'oral individuel SL est-il noté ?

Answer

Out of 30, across three criteria: A Langue /12 · B Message /12 · C Compréhension et interaction /6.

Card 12377.1.2concept
Question

Les trois critères de l'oral

Answer

Critère A — Langue /12 · Critère B — Message /12 · Critère C — Compréhension et interaction /6.

Card 12387.1.2definition
Question

Critère A — Langue /12

Answer

Language — range and accuracy of vocabulary and structures, grammatical control, and clear pronunciation.

Card 12397.1.2definition
Question

Critère B — Message /12

Answer

Message — how well you USE THE VISUAL STIMULUS (describe AND interpret the photo) and LINK developed ideas to the theme.

Card 12407.1.2definition
Question

Critère C — Compréhension et interaction /6

Answer

Receptive & interactive skills — understanding the teacher's questions and developing the conversation naturally.

Card 12417.1.2concept
Question

Quel critère récompense l'usage du stimulus ?

Answer

Critère B — Message: using the photo (describe AND interpret) and linking it to the theme.

Card 12427.1.2concept
Question

Quel critère récompense la conversation ?

Answer

Critère C — Compréhension et interaction: understanding the teacher and keeping the conversation going.

Card 12437.1.2concept
Question

Comment gagner des points en Critère A (Langue) ?

Answer

Vary your vocabulary, tenses and connectors, keep good grammatical control and speak clearly — avoid repetition.

Card 12447.1.2concept
Question

Comment gagner des points en Critère B (Message) ?

Answer

Don't just describe — INTERPRET what the image means («je pense que cette image montre…») and LINK it to a named theme («cela se rapporte au thème de… parce que…»), then develop.

Card 12457.1.2concept
Question

Comment gagner des points en Critère C (interaction) ?

Answer

Listen to the teacher, answer the actual question, develop your reply (never one word) and keep the conversation going.

Card 12467.1.2definition
Question

Combien valent A, B et C ?

Answer

A Langue /12 and B Message /12 are equal; C Compréhension et interaction is /6 → total /30.

Card 12477.1.2concept
Question

Une erreur fréquente en Critère B

Answer

Only describing the photo («il y a… il y a…») with no interpretation and no link to the theme.

Card 12487.1.2concept
Question

Une erreur fréquente en Critère C

Answer

Answering with one word in the conversation, or reciting a memorised script instead of interacting.

Card 12497.1.2concept
Question

Quel est le but d'une bonne réponse à l'oral ?

Answer

Hit all three criteria at once: a developed idea using the stimulus and theme (B), in varied accurate French (A), in real interaction (C).

Card 12507.2.1definition
Question

le stimulus visuel

Answer

the visual stimulus — a PHOTO linked to a theme that you describe and interpret in the SL oral (not a literary text)

Card 12517.2.1concept
Question

décrire vs interpréter

Answer

décrire = say what you literally SEE (on voit…); interpréter = say what it MEANS/suggests (il semble que…). Describe FIRST.

Card 12527.2.1definition
Question

au premier plan

Answer

in the foreground — the nearest, front part of the photo («Au premier plan, on voit…»)

Card 12537.2.1definition
Question

à l'arrière-plan / au fond

Answer

in the background — the far, back part of the photo («À l'arrière-plan, on aperçoit…»)

Card 12547.2.1definition
Question

au centre / au milieu

Answer

in the centre / in the middle of the image

Card 12557.2.1definition
Question

à gauche / à droite

Answer

on the left / on the right of the photo

Card 12567.2.1definition
Question

on voit… / il y a…

Answer

presenting language: «we see…» / «there is/are…» — use these to introduce what is in the photo (present tense)

Card 12577.2.1definition
Question

il s'agit de…

Answer

it is about… — say what the photo is about overall («Il s'agit d'une scène de marché.»)

Card 12587.2.1definition
Question

cette image montre / représente…

Answer

this image shows / depicts… — another way to present what the photo is about

Card 12597.2.1definition
Question

il semble que… / on dirait que…

Answer

interpreting language: «it seems that…» / «it looks like…» — use these to say what the photo SUGGESTS

Card 12607.2.1definition
Question

être en train de + infinitif

Answer

to be (in the middle of) doing — stresses an action in progress in the photo («une femme est en train de choisir des fruits»)

Card 12617.2.1concept
Question

How do you describe a stimulus photo?

Answer

Overview (on voit / il s'agit de) → foreground (au premier plan, il y a) → background (à l'arrière-plan) → detail → interpret (il semble que) → theme link.

Card 12627.2.1concept
Question

Why does «il y a un arbre, il y a un chien…» lose marks?

Answer

It's a bare list: pure description with no position language and no interpretation — it loses Message marks.

Card 12637.2.1concept
Question

Which tense do you describe a photo in?

Answer

The PRESENT (on voit, il y a, ils sont en train de…), never the past — a photo shows a frozen moment happening now.

Card 12647.2.2definition
Question

le thème (oral individuel)

Answer

the photo is always linked to ONE of the five course themes — you must NAME which one in your presentation

Card 12657.2.2definition
Question

le monde francophone

Answer

the French-speaking world — France, Belgique, Suisse, Québec, Sénégal, Maroc… — connect the photo to it

Card 12667.2.2definition
Question

« cette image illustre le thème de… »

Answer

«this image illustrates the theme of…» — the phrase that NAMES the theme the photo belongs to

Card 12677.2.2definition
Question

« cela me fait penser au thème de… »

Answer

«it makes me think of the theme of…» — another way to name the theme of the stimulus

Card 12687.2.2definition
Question

« dans les pays francophones… »

Answer

«in French-speaking countries…» — opens a cultural reference to the wider francophone world

Card 12697.2.2definition
Question

« cela me fait penser à… »

Answer

«this makes me think of…» — introduces a concrete francophone reference (a real festival, custom or place)

Card 12707.2.2definition
Question

« cette image montre que, dans le monde francophone, … »

Answer

«this image shows that, in the francophone world, …» — used to GENERALISE to a wider cultural point

Card 12717.2.2concept
Question

une référence culturelle concrète

Answer

a concrete francophone fact — le 14 juillet, le Carnaval de Québec, les marchés de Provence — beats a vague «des fêtes quelque part»

Card 12727.2.2concept
Question

généraliser à partir de la photo

Answer

go from what the photo shows to a WIDER cultural point about the francophone world (the photo as an example of something general)

Card 12737.2.2definition
Question

…parce que / car…

Answer

«because…» — justify the theme link instead of just asserting it («cette image illustre le thème de… parce que…»)

Card 12747.2.2concept
Question

How do you link a stimulus to theme & culture?

Answer

Name the theme (and why) → give ONE concrete francophone reference (dans les pays francophones…) → generalise to a wider cultural point → justified opinion.

Card 12757.2.2concept
Question

Why does «il y a des fêtes quelque part» lose marks?

Answer

It names no theme and gives a vague, uncertain reference; a concrete, correct one («le Carnaval de Québec») scores far higher on Message.

Card 12767.2.2concept
Question

Which criterion rewards theme & culture?

Answer

Criterion B (Message) — it rewards WHAT and HOW you develop ideas, the theme link and the cultural reference, not just grammar.

Card 12777.2.2concept
Question

What does «generalise» mean in the oral?

Answer

Move from what the photo literally shows to a broader cultural point about the francophone world: «cette image montre que, dans le monde francophone, …».

Card 12787.3.1definition
Question

l'oral individuel (SL)

Answer

the Individual Oral — the SL French B speaking exam; based on a PHOTO (visual stimulus) linked to a theme, NOT on literature

Card 12797.3.1definition
Question

le stimulus visuel

Answer

the visual stimulus — the photo you describe and interpret; it is linked to one of the five themes

Card 12807.3.1definition
Question

la présentation

Answer

the prepared monologue (~3–4 min) where you describe and interpret the photo on your own before the conversation

Card 12817.3.1definition
Question

Les cinq parties (dans l'ordre)

Answer

introduction → description → interprétation & opinion → lien au thème → conclusion

Card 12827.3.1definition
Question

décrire vs interpréter

Answer

to describe = say what you SEE; to interpret = say what it MEANS. You must do BOTH for the Message marks.

Card 12837.3.1definition
Question

Phrase pour l'introduction

Answer

« Pour commencer, la photo montre… » — one sentence saying what the image shows

Card 12847.3.1definition
Question

Phrase pour la description

Answer

« Au premier plan, on voit… ; à l'arrière-plan, il y a… » — place the key elements

Card 12857.3.1definition
Question

Phrase pour l'interprétation

Answer

« Cette image suggère que… ; à mon avis… » — bridge from describing to interpreting + opinion

Card 12867.3.1definition
Question

Phrase pour le lien au thème

Answer

« Cela se rapporte au thème de… , car… » — name the theme AND justify it

Card 12877.3.1definition
Question

Phrase pour la conclusion

Answer

« Pour conclure,… ; j'aimerais parler davantage de… » — round off and open the conversation

Card 12887.3.1definition
Question

Les cinq thèmes

Answer

Identités · Expériences · Ingéniosité humaine · Organisation sociale · Partage de la planète

Card 12897.3.1concept
Question

How long is the presentation?

Answer

About 3–4 minutes of prepared speaking on your own, after 15 minutes of preparation, before the conversation with the examiner.

Card 12907.3.1concept
Question

Why do you lose marks if you only describe?

Answer

Because the Message marks need interpretation AND opinion: you must say what the image suggests and what you think, not just list what you see.

Card 12917.3.1concept
Question

What is the biggest signposting tip?

Answer

Use connectors (pour commencer, ensuite, à mon avis, cela se rapporte au thème de, pour conclure) so the examiner can hear the five parts and you fill the 3–4 minutes.

Card 12927.3.2definition
Question

la conversation (oral individuel)

Answer

the second half of the Individual Oral: after the photo, you and the teacher discuss the visual stimulus and the theme together

Card 12937.3.2definition
Question

le stimulus visuel

Answer

the visual stimulus — the photo (linked to a theme) you describe before the conversation begins

Card 12947.3.2concept
Question

Comment développer une réponse ?

Answer

Answer + a reason (« parce que… ») + an example (« par exemple… ») + your experience (« dans mon cas… »). Never just « oui » or « non ».

Card 12957.3.2definition
Question

Demander une clarification

Answer

« Pardon, pourriez-vous répéter la question, s'il vous plaît ? » / « Que voulez-vous dire par… ? » — ask in FRENCH, never go silent.

Card 12967.3.2definition
Question

Donner son avis

Answer

« À mon avis… », « Je pense que… », « Personnellement, je trouve que… » (In my opinion… / I think that…)

Card 12977.3.2definition
Question

Justifier son avis

Answer

« parce que… », « car… », « étant donné que… » (because… / since…)

Card 12987.3.2definition
Question

Donner un exemple

Answer

« par exemple… », « comme… », « notamment… » (for example… / such as…)

Card 12997.3.2definition
Question

Gagner une seconde pour réfléchir

Answer

« Eh bien… », « Alors… », « C'est une bonne question… » — natural markers that buy thinking time without silence.

Card 13007.3.2definition
Question

Relancer la conversation

Answer

« Et vous, qu'en pensez-vous ? », « D'ailleurs… » — bounce the topic back to keep the exchange alive (Criterion C).

Card 13017.3.2concept
Question

Les trois critères de l'oral

Answer

A — Langue (varied, accurate French) · B — Message (developed, justified ideas) · C — Interaction (understanding & keeping it going).

Card 13027.3.2concept
Question

Quelle erreur coûte le plus de points ?

Answer

A one-word answer (« Oui. ») followed by silence — there's almost nothing to mark, so Criterion C collapses.

Card 13037.3.2concept
Question

Que faire si tu ne sais pas quoi dire ?

Answer

Say it in French and develop that: « Honnêtement, je n'y avais jamais pensé, mais je dirais que… » — keep talking, don't freeze.

Card 13047.3.2concept
Question

La forme gagnante d'une réponse

Answer

opinion → raison (« parce que… ») → exemple (« par exemple… ») → ton expérience (« dans mon cas… »).

Card 13057.3.2concept
Question

Faut-il rester sur le thème de la photo ?

Answer

Yes — keep your answers linked to the photo and its theme; going off-topic hurts the Message criterion.

Card 13067.3.3definition
Question

l'oral individuel (SL)

Answer

the SL Individual Oral — based on a PHOTO (visual stimulus) linked to a theme; you describe it, link it to the theme/culture, then converse

Card 13077.3.3definition
Question

Décrire une photo

Answer

« Sur la photo, on voit… / il y a… / au premier plan… / à l'arrière-plan… » (say what you literally SEE)

Card 13087.3.3definition
Question

Interpréter une photo

Answer

« On dirait que… / il semble que… / j'ai l'impression que… » (work out what is PROBABLY happening)

Card 13097.3.3definition
Question

Donner son avis

Answer

« À mon avis… / je trouve que… / selon moi… » (state what you think)

Card 13107.3.3definition
Question

Gagner du temps (fillers)

Answer

French fillers: « eh bien… / en fait… / disons que… / voyons… » — buy thinking time without a silence

Card 13117.3.3definition
Question

Connecteurs

Answer

« d'une part… d'autre part · cependant · par contre · donc · parce que » — link your ideas

Card 13127.3.3definition
Question

Structure haute : conditionnel

Answer

« j'aimerais que… » (I would like…) — a high-level structure that lifts your Language mark

Card 13137.3.3definition
Question

Structure haute : subjonctif

Answer

« il faut que… / je ne pense pas que… » + subjunctive (« il faut qu'on fasse… ») — high level

Card 13147.3.3definition
Question

Relier au thème

Answer

« Cette image se rattache au thème de… parce que… » — link the photo to the theme and the target culture

Card 13157.3.3definition
Question

Les cinq étapes

Answer

ouvrir → décrire → interpréter → relier au thème/culture → donner son avis avec une raison

Card 13167.3.3concept
Question

Why never a one-word answer?

Answer

One word develops nothing and costs interaction marks; always add a reason with « parce que… » (« Oui, parce que… »).

Card 13177.3.3concept
Question

Describe vs interpret — what's the difference?

Answer

Describe = what you literally SEE («on voit…»); interpret = what is PROBABLY happening («on dirait que…»). A strong oral does both.

Card 13187.3.3concept
Question

How do you buy thinking time without breaking your French?

Answer

Use a French filler («eh bien… / disons que…») instead of an English «um» or a silence — it keeps the flow and protects your Language mark.

Card 13197.3.3concept
Question

How do you lift your Language mark in the oral?

Answer

Slip in high-level structures: the conditional «j'aimerais que…» and the subjunctive after «il faut que… / je ne pense pas que…», plus varied connectors.

Card 13208.1.1definition
Question

le roman

Answer

the novel

Card 13218.1.1definition
Question

la nouvelle

Answer

the short story / novella

Card 13228.1.1definition
Question

la pièce de théâtre

Answer

the play

Card 13238.1.1definition
Question

le conte / le récit

Answer

the tale / short narrative

Card 13248.1.1definition
Question

le personnage

Answer

the character

Card 13258.1.1definition
Question

le personnage principal

Answer

the protagonist (main character)

Card 13268.1.1definition
Question

le/la narrateur(-trice)

Answer

the narrator

Card 13278.1.1definition
Question

l’intrigue

Answer

the plot

Card 13288.1.1definition
Question

le thème

Answer

the theme (big idea)

Card 13298.1.1definition
Question

l’atmosphère / l’ambiance

Answer

the atmosphere / mood

Card 13308.1.1definition
Question

l’extrait

Answer

the extract

Card 13318.1.1concept
Question

How many literary works do HL students study, and in what language?

Answer

Two works, read in French.

Card 13328.1.1concept
Question

What is the difference between the narrator and the author?

Answer

The narrator (le/la narrateur-trice) tells the story inside the work; the author (l’auteur-e) is the real writer. A first-person « je » is the narrator, not the author.

Card 13338.1.1concept
Question

Give the close-reading method in three words.

Answer

Détail → Citation → Effet (detail → quotation → effect): name the detail, quote it, explain its effect.

Card 13348.1.2definition
Question

le thème (les thèmes centraux)

Answer

the theme (the central themes)

Card 13358.1.2definition
Question

le personnage (les personnages)

Answer

the character (the characters)

Card 13368.1.2definition
Question

le personnage principal / le/la protagoniste

Answer

the main character / protagonist

Card 13378.1.2definition
Question

l’antagoniste

Answer

the antagonist (the opposing character)

Card 13388.1.2definition
Question

le personnage secondaire

Answer

the secondary / minor character

Card 13398.1.2definition
Question

le motif / la motivation

Answer

the motive / motivation (what drives a character)

Card 13408.1.2definition
Question

la relation (entre les personnages)

Answer

the relationship (between characters)

Card 13418.1.2definition
Question

l’évolution du personnage / l’arc du personnage

Answer

the character's development / character arc

Card 13428.1.2definition
Question

incarner un thème

Answer

to embody a theme (a character standing for a central idea)

Card 13438.1.2definition
Question

le motif récurrent

Answer

the recurring motif (a repeated image/object that points to the theme)

Card 13448.1.2concept
Question

What is the difference between a topic and a theme?

Answer

A topic is a single word (la famille); a theme is the claim the work makes about it (« la famille peut être un refuge ou une prison »). A theme is a sentence, not a noun.

Card 13458.1.2concept
Question

How do you find the theme of a work?

Answer

Ask three questions: Qu’est-ce qui se répète ? (what recurs?), Quel choix compte ? (what choice matters?), Qu’est-ce qui change à la fin ? (what changes by the end?).

Card 13468.1.2concept
Question

Give the character-analysis method in three words.

Answer

trait → citation → signification (trait → quotation → meaning): name the trait, quote the text, explain what it shows. Look at le motif, la relation and l’évolution.

Card 13478.1.2concept
Question

Is the antagonist always a villain?

Answer

No — the antagonist (l’antagoniste) is whoever opposes the protagonist's goal, not necessarily an evil « méchant ». And the protagonist (le personnage principal) is a character, never the real author.

Card 13488.1.3definition
Question

la perspective narrative

Answer

the narrative perspective (who tells the story and from where)

Card 13498.1.3definition
Question

l’angle de vue / le point de vue

Answer

the point of view

Card 13508.1.3definition
Question

le narrateur à la première personne

Answer

first-person narrator (uses « je »)

Card 13518.1.3definition
Question

le narrateur à la troisième personne

Answer

third-person narrator (uses « il/elle »)

Card 13528.1.3definition
Question

le narrateur omniscient

Answer

omniscient narrator (knows everything, even hidden thoughts)

Card 13538.1.3definition
Question

le ton / l’atmosphère

Answer

the tone / mood (the feeling/attitude of the writing)

Card 13548.1.3definition
Question

le registre

Answer

the register (formal, informal, poetic…)

Card 13558.1.3definition
Question

la métaphore

Answer

metaphor — calls one thing another directly (« le temps est un voleur »)

Card 13568.1.3definition
Question

la comparaison

Answer

simile — compares using « comme » (« fidèle comme un chien »)

Card 13578.1.3definition
Question

l’image / le langage figuré

Answer

imagery — vivid sensory detail

Card 13588.1.3definition
Question

le symbole / la symbolique

Answer

symbol/symbolism — an object that stands for an idea

Card 13598.1.3definition
Question

la personnification

Answer

personification — gives human traits to a thing (« la mer respirait »)

Card 13608.1.3concept
Question

What is the one rule that tells a simile from a metaphor?

Answer

A comparaison uses « comme » (or « tel »/« semblable à »); a métaphore drops « comme » and says it *is* the thing.

Card 13618.1.3concept
Question

What is the difference between the narrator and the author?

Answer

The narrator (le narrateur / la narratrice) is the voice inside the work; the author (l’auteur / l’autrice) is the real writer. A first-person « je » is the narrator, not the author.

Card 13628.2.1definition
Question

l’extrait / le passage

Answer

the extract / passage

Card 13638.2.1definition
Question

la lecture attentive / la lecture analytique

Answer

close reading

Card 13648.2.1definition
Question

l’analyse / l’interprétation

Answer

the analysis / interpretation

Card 13658.2.1definition
Question

le procédé (littéraire)

Answer

the (literary) device

Card 13668.2.1definition
Question

le symbole

Answer

the symbol

Card 13678.2.1definition
Question

la métaphore

Answer

the metaphor

Card 13688.2.1definition
Question

le ton

Answer

the tone

Card 13698.2.1definition
Question

la voix narrative / le narrateur

Answer

the narrative voice / narrator

Card 13708.2.1definition
Question

l’effet

Answer

the effect

Card 13718.2.1definition
Question

retenir son souffle

Answer

to hold one’s breath

Card 13728.2.1concept
Question

Quelles sont les trois questions de la lecture attentive ?

Answer

Que se passe-t-il ? (what happens) → Comment est-ce écrit ? (voice, tone, devices) → Qu’est-ce que cela signifie ? (theme, effect).

Card 13738.2.1concept
Question

What is the difference between retelling and close reading?

Answer

Retelling says *what happens*; close reading notices *how it’s written and what it suggests* — and earns the marks.

Card 13748.2.1concept
Question

Give the close-reading rule for every comment, in three words.

Answer

Procédé → citation → effet (device → quotation → effect): name the device, quote it, explain its effect.

Card 13758.2.1concept
Question

In « Que se passe-t-il ? / Comment ? / Qu’est-ce que cela signifie ? », which gets the most time in the oral?

Answer

The last two — Comment est-ce écrit ? and Qu’est-ce que cela signifie ? « Que se passe-t-il ? » is just one sentence.

Card 13768.2.2definition
Question

l’oral individuel (IO)

Answer

the individual oral

Card 13778.2.2definition
Question

l’extrait littéraire

Answer

the literary extract (the HL oral stimulus)

Card 13788.2.2definition
Question

la préparation (surveillée)

Answer

the supervised preparation (~15 min)

Card 13798.2.2definition
Question

la présentation

Answer

the presentation (3–4 min)

Card 13808.2.2definition
Question

la conversation

Answer

the conversation (with the teacher)

Card 13818.2.2definition
Question

décrire

Answer

to describe (what happens)

Card 13828.2.2definition
Question

interpréter

Answer

to interpret (what it means)

Card 13838.2.2definition
Question

relier (à l’œuvre)

Answer

to relate (link the extract to the whole work)

Card 13848.2.2definition
Question

le critère

Answer

the (assessment) criterion

Card 13858.2.2definition
Question

le thème

Answer

the theme (big idea)

Card 13868.2.2concept
Question

What is the HL individual-oral stimulus, and how does it differ from SL?

Answer

HL = a literary EXTRACT (un extrait littéraire) from one of the two works studied; SL = a visual stimulus (an image) on a course theme.

Card 13878.2.2concept
Question

Name the four stages of the HL individual oral, in order.

Answer

1) ~15 min supervised preparation (préparation), 2) 3–4 min presentation (présentation), 3) conversation on the work (conversation sur l’œuvre), 4) broader conversation on the themes.

Card 13888.2.2concept
Question

How is the HL individual oral marked?

Answer

Out of 30: Critère A Langue /12, Critère B Message /12, Critère C Interaction & compétences réceptives /6.

Card 13898.2.2concept
Question

What three things must the presentation do with the extract?

Answer

Describe it (décrire — what happens), interpret it (interpréter — what it means), and relate it (relier) to the whole work — not just summarise.

Card 13908.2.3definition
Question

l’auteur montre… / la scène présente…

Answer

the author shows… / the scene depicts… (describing)

Card 13918.2.3definition
Question

le narrateur rapporte que…

Answer

the narrator tells us that… (describing)

Card 13928.2.3definition
Question

l’œuvre traite de…

Answer

the work is about… (describing)

Card 13938.2.3definition
Question

cela suggère que…

Answer

this suggests that… (interpreting)

Card 13948.2.3definition
Question

on peut comprendre que…

Answer

it can be understood that… (interpreting)

Card 13958.2.3definition
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cela symbolise… / c’est une métaphore de…

Answer

it symbolises… / it is a metaphor for… (interpreting)

Card 13968.2.3definition
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cela crée un sentiment de…

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this creates a sense of… (effect / interpreting)

Card 13978.2.3definition
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à mon avis… / je trouve que…

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in my opinion… / I find that… (personal response)

Card 13988.2.3definition
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ce qui me frappe le plus, c’est…

Answer

what particularly strikes me is… (personal response)

Card 13998.2.3definition
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je peux m’identifier à … parce que…

Answer

I can identify with … because… (justified personal response)

Card 14008.2.3concept
Question

How do you talk about what a text DOES — present or past?

Answer

The literary present (le présent de narration): « l’auteur montre… », « la scène présente… », « Marthe regarde la neige » — even though you read it in the past.

Card 14018.2.3concept
Question

How does the conditionnel lift a literary opinion? Give two examples.

Answer

It softens/hedges an opinion: « je dirais que le thème est… » (I would say…) and « on pourrait le comprendre comme… » (one could understand it as…) — mature, tentative.

Card 14028.2.3concept
Question

How does the passive (la voix passive) help in literary analysis? Give an example.

Answer

It describes how the text is constructed without naming an agent: « La solitude est représentée par la fenêtre » (être + participe passé, accord avec le sujet).

Card 14038.2.3concept
Question

What is wrong with « le livre me plaît » in the oral?

Answer

It's an unjustified opinion — it earns nothing. Justify it: « je trouve émouvant, PARCE QUE… » / « ce qui me frappe le plus, c’est… parce que… ».

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